1.Easy
According to Erikson, the main conflict of adolescence is:
- AIntegrity versus despair
- BIdentity versus role confusion
- CIntimacy versus isolation
- DTrust versus mistrust
2.Easy
In Piaget's theory, which stage comes first?
- APreoperational
- BSensorimotor
- CFormal operational
- DConcrete operational
3.Easy
A child focuses only on the height of the liquid in a glass and ignores its width. Piaget called this:
- ACentration
- BAccommodation
- CAnimism
- DObject permanence
4.Medium
Baillargeon found that young infants looked longer at "impossible" events, such as a screen rotating through a box behind it. This suggests infants:
- AHave no memory for events that they cannot see
- BCannot perceive objects at all once they move behind screens
- CPrefer moving screens to objects that stay still
- DKnow hidden objects still exist earlier than Piaget thought
5.Medium
In Vygotsky's theory, an older sibling who helps a child learn to tie shoelaces is acting as:
- AA more knowledgeable other
- BA formal operational thinker
- CA primary attachment figure
- DAn imaginary audience
6.Medium
A student is actively trying out different majors and values but has not committed to any yet. In Marcia's model, this is:
- AForeclosure
- BIdentity achievement
- CIdentity diffusion
- DMoratorium
7.Hard
In Hughes' "policeman doll" study, most children aged 3½–5 could hide a boy doll where two policemen could not see him. How does this relate to Piaget's three mountains task?
- AIt shows that conservation develops before age 3
- BIt confirms that young children are fully egocentric
- CIt suggests young children are less egocentric when the task makes sense to them
- DIt shows that children cannot take any other person's viewpoint before about age 7
8.Hard
Adolescents take more risks in a driving game when friends are watching, but adults are less affected. Steinberg explains this mainly by:
- AAdolescents being unable to understand the rules of the driving game
- BReward systems maturing earlier than prefrontal self-control
- CAdolescents having faster reaction times than adults do
- DAdults being less aware of risks than adolescents are
Answer key
- 1. B · Identity versus role confusion
- 2. B · Sensorimotor
- 3. A · Centration
- 4. D · Know hidden objects still exist earlier than Piaget thought
- 5. A · A more knowledgeable other
- 6. D · Moratorium
- 7. C · It suggests young children are less egocentric when the task makes sense to them
- 8. B · Reward systems maturing earlier than prefrontal self-control
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