1.Easy
Repetitive syllables such as "ba-ba-ba" in an infant's vocalisations are called:
- AHolophrases
- BCooing
- CTelegraphic speech
- DBabbling
2.Easy
Bowlby's idea that infants form one special primary attachment, usually to the mother, is called:
- AImprinting
- BTemperament
- CScaffolding
- DMonotropy
3.Easy
Who introduced the "zone of proximal development"?
- ALev Vygotsky
- BLawrence Kohlberg
- CJohn Bowlby
- DJean Piaget
4.Medium
Older adults often prefer spending time with a few close friends rather than meeting new people. Carstensen's socioemotional selectivity theory explains this as:
- AA gradual loss of social skills that tends to come with increasing age
- BFear of strangers that grows steadily in later life
- CA decline in crystallised intelligence and memory
- DFocusing on emotionally meaningful goals as time feels shorter
5.Medium
A parent sets strict rules, expects obedience without discussion and says "Because I said so". This style is:
- APermissive
- BAuthoritative
- CAuthoritarian
- DUninvolved
6.Medium
Habituation in infant research is used to show that babies:
- AAre born with full adult vision
- BCan tell two stimuli apart because interest returns when the stimulus changes
- CPrefer their own reflection
- DBecome drowsy and sleep more when the same stimulus is presented over and over again
7.Hard
A child is shown a Smarties tube, guesses it contains sweets, and finds pencils. Asked what a friend who has not looked will think is inside, a typical 3-year-old says "pencils". This shows:
- AA lack of object permanence
- BAn advanced theory of mind
- CDifficulty understanding false beliefs
- DA failure to conserve quantity
8.Hard
In Hughes' "policeman doll" study, most children aged 3½–5 could hide a boy doll where two policemen could not see him. How does this relate to Piaget's three mountains task?
- AIt shows that children cannot take any other person's viewpoint before about age 7
- BIt shows that conservation develops before age 3
- CIt confirms that young children are fully egocentric
- DIt suggests young children are less egocentric when the task makes sense to them
Answer key
- 1. D · Babbling
- 2. D · Monotropy
- 3. A · Lev Vygotsky
- 4. D · Focusing on emotionally meaningful goals as time feels shorter
- 5. C · Authoritarian
- 6. B · Can tell two stimuli apart because interest returns when the stimulus changes
- 7. C · Difficulty understanding false beliefs
- 8. D · It suggests young children are less egocentric when the task makes sense to them
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