1.Easy
Parents who show little warmth and make few demands, and are largely disengaged from their child, show which style?
- AUninvolved (neglectful)
- BPermissive (indulgent)
- CAuthoritarian (strict)
- DAuthoritative
2.Easy
Comparing identical and fraternal twins is mainly used to study:
- AThe relative influence of genes and environment
- BHow memory develops during the first year of life
- CWhy some children start babbling earlier
- DWhether Piaget's stages occur in a fixed order
3.Easy
According to Erikson, the main challenge of young adulthood is:
- AIntimacy versus isolation
- BGenerativity versus stagnation
- CIntegrity versus despair
- DIdentity versus role confusion
4.Medium
Baillargeon found that young infants looked longer at "impossible" events, such as a screen rotating through a box behind it. This suggests infants:
- APrefer moving screens to objects that stay still
- BKnow hidden objects still exist earlier than Piaget thought
- CHave no memory for events that they cannot see
- DCannot perceive objects at all once they move behind screens
5.Medium
In Vygotsky's theory, an older sibling who helps a child learn to tie shoelaces is acting as:
- AA primary attachment figure
- BAn imaginary audience
- CA formal operational thinker
- DA more knowledgeable other
6.Medium
Kagan described some toddlers who are consistently shy, cautious and quiet with unfamiliar people and situations. This temperament is called:
- ALearned helplessness
- BDisorganised attachment
- CBehavioural inhibition
- DIdentity diffusion
7.Hard
In Tronick's "still-face" procedure, a mother suddenly stops responding and keeps a neutral face. Infants typically react by:
- ATurning to the experimenter instead and staying calm throughout
- BSmiling and babbling much more than before the change
- CTrying to re-engage her, then becoming upset and looking away
- DIgnoring the change and carrying on playing as before
8.Hard
A longitudinal design is preferred over a cross-sectional design when a researcher wants to:
- ACompare different age groups at a single time point
- BTrack how the same individuals change over time
- CAvoid any participant drop-out
- DGet results as quickly as possible
Answer key
- 1. A · Uninvolved (neglectful)
- 2. A · The relative influence of genes and environment
- 3. A · Intimacy versus isolation
- 4. B · Know hidden objects still exist earlier than Piaget thought
- 5. D · A more knowledgeable other
- 6. C · Behavioural inhibition
- 7. C · Trying to re-engage her, then becoming upset and looking away
- 8. B · Track how the same individuals change over time
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