1.Easy
Understanding that an action can be mentally undone, such as pouring water back into the first glass, is called:
- AEgocentrism
- BReversibility
- CCentration
- DAnimism
2.Easy
A child says "I goed to the park" and "two mouses". This error is called:
- AOverregularisation
- BUnderextension
- CTelegraphic speech
- DBabbling
3.Easy
Harlow's monkey experiments showed that infant monkeys preferred:
- AA wire mother with food over a cloth mother without any food
- BA soft cloth mother without food over a wire mother with food
- COther infant monkeys only
- DBeing alone to having any mother
4.Medium
Habituation in infant research is used to show that babies:
- ABecome drowsy and sleep more when the same stimulus is presented over and over again
- BAre born with full adult vision
- CPrefer their own reflection
- DCan tell two stimuli apart because interest returns when the stimulus changes
5.Medium
An infant in the Strange Situation approaches the parent with the head turned away, then freezes. Contradictory behaviour like this indicates which attachment type?
- ADisorganised
- BInsecure-avoidant
- CInsecure-resistant
- DSecure
6.Medium
Fantz showed infants pairs of patterns and measured how long they looked at each. Many young infants looked longest at:
- AFace-like patterns
- BPrinted text
- CBlank grey cards
- DPlain coloured discs
7.Hard
A critic argues that Piaget underestimated young children. Which finding supports this?
- AChildren conserve number earlier when the task is changed so the transformation seems accidental
- BAdults rarely reason abstractly
- CInfants show no memory of hidden objects at all
- DChildren never pass false-belief tasks before age 7
8.Hard
Van IJzendoorn and Kroonenberg's meta-analysis of Strange Situation studies in many countries found that:
- ASecure attachment was common only in Western, individualist countries
- BAvoidant attachment was the most common type in nearly every country studied
- CSecure was most common everywhere; variation within countries was larger
- DAttachment type proportions were the same in every country studied
Answer key
- 1. B · Reversibility
- 2. A · Overregularisation
- 3. B · A soft cloth mother without food over a wire mother with food
- 4. D · Can tell two stimuli apart because interest returns when the stimulus changes
- 5. A · Disorganised
- 6. A · Face-like patterns
- 7. A · Children conserve number earlier when the task is changed so the transformation seems accidental
- 8. C · Secure was most common everywhere; variation within countries was larger
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