A green LED with a forward voltage of 2.2 V runs from a 5 V supply through a series resistor. Find the resistance R that sets the LED current to 25 mA.
Diodes & transistors worksheet with answers
A 3.3 V Zener diode is fed from 20 V through a 220 Ω resistor, with no load connected. Find the current IR in the resistor.
An NPN transistor with β = 200 has voltage-divider bias from VCC = 15 V: R₁ = 100 kΩ from VCC to the base and R₂ = 22 kΩ from the base to ground. The collector resistor is RC = 5.6 kΩ and the emitter resistor is RE = 2.2 kΩ. Take VBE = 0.7 V and use the Thévenin equivalent of the divider (do not neglect the base current). Find the collector–emitter voltage VCE.
An NPN transistor with β = 150 is biased by a base resistor RB = 330 kΩ from the supply VCC = 9 V. The collector resistor is RC = 1.5 kΩ and the emitter is grounded. Take VBE = 0.7 V and assume the transistor is in the active region. Find the collector–emitter voltage VCE.
An NPN transistor with β = 50 switches a 150 Ω load resistor connected between VCC = 5 V and its collector. The emitter is grounded. The base is driven from a 3.3 V logic output through a base resistor RB. Take VBE = 0.7 V and VCE(sat) = 0.2 V. Find the largest base resistor RB, in kΩ, that still drives the transistor just into saturation.
A 3.3 V Zener regulator must supply up to 25 mA to a load. The input can drop to 12 V, and the Zener needs at least 2 mA to regulate. Find the largest series resistance Rmax that keeps it regulating.
Answer key
- 1. R = 112 Ω
- 2. IR = 75.91 mA
- 3. VCE = 8.195 V
- 4. VCE = 3.341 V
- 5. RB = 4.062 kΩ
- 6. Rmax = 322.2 Ω
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