1.Easy
Which TFEU article guarantees the freedom of establishment?
- AArticle 110
- BArticle 45
- CArticle 63
- DArticle 49
2.Easy
Which EU institution proposes most new EU legislation?
- AThe European Parliament
- BThe Court of Justice
- CThe European Central Bank
- DThe European Commission
3.Easy
Which TFEU article prohibits the abuse of a dominant position?
- AArticle 101
- BArticle 102
- CArticle 107
- DArticle 56
4.Medium
The "public service" exception in Article 45(4) TFEU covers:
- APosts involving the exercise of public power and safeguarding the general interests of the state
- BJobs in companies that have government contracts
- CAll jobs in the public sector, including those of nurses, teachers and railway workers employed by the state
- DAny job paid for by public funds
5.Medium
In Commission v Ireland ("Buy Irish", 1982), a campaign promoting Irish products breached Article 34 because:
- AIt was a state-supported measure capable of influencing traders to prefer domestic goods
- BIt was run by private companies without state involvement
- CIt set quotas on goods from other member states
- DIt imposed a charge having equivalent effect to a customs duty on goods imported from other member states
6.Medium
Francovich (1991) established that:
- ADirectives have horizontal direct effect
- BMember states can be liable to pay damages for failing to implement a directive
- CIndividuals can enforce unimplemented directives directly against private employers
- DThe Commission can annul national laws
7.Hard
In AKZO (1991), the Court of Justice stated that a market share of 50% or more:
- AIs irrelevant to the assessment of dominance
- BCan in itself be evidence of a dominant position, in the absence of exceptional circumstances
- CIs automatically an abuse of a dominant position, without any further analysis being needed by the Commission
- DIs required before any investigation of dominance
8.Hard
In CIA Security (1996), Belgian technical rules not notified to the Commission as required by a directive were held to be:
- AVoid only in disputes against the Belgian state
- BInapplicable, even in a dispute between private competitors
- CValid until the Commission brings infringement proceedings
- DValid, because directives do not have horizontal direct effect
Answer key
- 1. D · Article 49
- 2. D · The European Commission
- 3. B · Article 102
- 4. A · Posts involving the exercise of public power and safeguarding the general interests of the state
- 5. A · It was a state-supported measure capable of influencing traders to prefer domestic goods
- 6. B · Member states can be liable to pay damages for failing to implement a directive
- 7. B · Can in itself be evidence of a dominant position, in the absence of exceptional circumstances
- 8. B · Inapplicable, even in a dispute between private competitors
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