1.Easy
Which are the four freedoms of the EU internal market?
- AFreedom of speech, religion, assembly and press
- BFree education, health care, housing and transport
- CFree movement of goods, persons, services and capital
- DFree trade, free elections, free media and free courts
2.Easy
The Charter of Fundamental Rights of the EU has the same legal value as the Treaties since:
- AThe Treaty of Lisbon (2009)
- BThe Brexit agreement (2020)
- CThe Treaty of Rome (1957)
- DThe Maastricht Treaty (1993)
3.Easy
Article 30 TFEU prohibits between member states:
- AAgreements between companies to share markets
- BCustoms duties on imports and exports and charges having equivalent effect
- CDiscriminatory internal taxation of products coming from other member states
- DQuotas on the number of foreign workers employed
4.Medium
In Foto-Frost (1987), the Court held that national courts:
- ACannot declare an EU act invalid themselves and must refer the question
- BMust apply EU acts even if the Court of Justice has already declared them invalid
- CCannot refer validity questions to the Court of Justice
- DCan freely declare EU acts invalid
5.Medium
In Brasserie du Pêcheur and Factortame III (1996), the Court held that state liability:
- ANever applies to acts of a national parliament
- BCan arise from acts of the national legislature, if the breach is sufficiently serious
- CRequires proof that the state acted intentionally
- DOnly arises from failure to transpose a directive, not from other acts of the national legislature
6.Medium
Directives generally do NOT have:
- AVertical direct effect against the state
- BBinding force after the transposition deadline
- CHorizontal direct effect between private parties
- DAny legal effect at all
7.Hard
In Wightman (2018), the Court of Justice held that a member state that has notified its intention to withdraw under Article 50 TEU:
- ACan revoke it only after the withdrawal agreement enters into force
- BCannot revoke the notification under any circumstances
- CMay revoke the notification unilaterally, in an unequivocal and unconditional way, before withdrawal takes effect
- DCan revoke it only with the unanimous consent of the other member states
8.Hard
In Inuit Tapiriit Kanatami (2013), the Court interpreted "regulatory act" in Article 263(4) TFEU to mean:
- AAn act of general application other than a legislative act
- BAny act adopted by the Commission or the Council
- CAn act addressed to a specific individual
- DAny regulation, whether legislative or not
Answer key
- 1. C · Free movement of goods, persons, services and capital
- 2. A · The Treaty of Lisbon (2009)
- 3. B · Customs duties on imports and exports and charges having equivalent effect
- 4. A · Cannot declare an EU act invalid themselves and must refer the question
- 5. B · Can arise from acts of the national legislature, if the breach is sufficiently serious
- 6. C · Horizontal direct effect between private parties
- 7. C · May revoke the notification unilaterally, in an unequivocal and unconditional way, before withdrawal takes effect
- 8. A · An act of general application other than a legislative act
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