1.Easy
Under the Lisbon rules, a qualified majority in the Council normally requires:
- AAll member states except one
- BTwo-thirds of member states and half of the population
- CA simple majority of member states, provided they represent at least half of the EU population
- DAt least 55% of member states representing at least 65% of the EU population
2.Easy
The free movement of capital under Article 63 TFEU applies to movements:
- ABetween member states and also between member states and third countries
- BOnly between member states of the euro area
- COnly to transfers made by governments
- DOnly between member states, and with third countries only by special agreement
3.Easy
Under Article 20 TFEU, who is a citizen of the European Union?
- AEvery person living legally in the EU for five years
- BEvery person holding the nationality of a member state
- CEvery person born on EU territory
- DEvery person who works in an EU member state
4.Medium
Internationale Handelsgesellschaft (1970) held that the validity of a Community measure:
- ARequires approval by a national referendum
- BCannot be affected by claims that it breaches national constitutional rights
- CDepends on its compatibility with the fundamental rights in each national constitution
- DCan be reviewed by any national court that doubts it
5.Medium
An agreement caught by Article 101(1) TFEU may be exempted under Article 101(3) if, among other conditions, it:
- AInvolves companies with combined market shares over 50%
- BIs notified to and approved by the Commission or the national competition authority in advance
- CHas been in operation for more than five years
- DImproves production or distribution and allows consumers a fair share of the benefit
6.Medium
Under Directive 2004/38, an EU citizen may reside in another member state for up to three months:
- AWith only a valid identity card or passport and no other conditions
- BOnly if they register with the police on arrival
- COnly if they have a job offer in that state
- DOnly if they prove sufficient resources and comprehensive sickness insurance
7.Hard
The Kadi judgment (2008) is significant because the CJEU held that:
- AEU measures implementing UN Security Council resolutions must respect EU fundamental rights
- BUN Security Council resolutions always prevail over EU fundamental rights under the UN Charter
- CIndividuals can never challenge sanctions
- DThe EU has no competence in foreign policy
8.Hard
In R v Henn and Darby (1979), a UK ban on importing pornographic material was held to be:
- AA customs duty contrary to Article 30
- BOutside Article 34 because it concerned only books
- CUnjustified because the UK allowed some domestic pornography
- DJustified on grounds of public morality under Article 36
Answer key
- 1. D · At least 55% of member states representing at least 65% of the EU population
- 2. A · Between member states and also between member states and third countries
- 3. B · Every person holding the nationality of a member state
- 4. B · Cannot be affected by claims that it breaches national constitutional rights
- 5. D · Improves production or distribution and allows consumers a fair share of the benefit
- 6. A · With only a valid identity card or passport and no other conditions
- 7. A · EU measures implementing UN Security Council resolutions must respect EU fundamental rights
- 8. D · Justified on grounds of public morality under Article 36
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