1.Easy
What is the time limit for bringing an action for annulment under Article 263 TFEU?
- ATwo weeks
- BTwo years
- CSix months
- DTwo months
2.Easy
Which TFEU article prohibits the abuse of a dominant position?
- AArticle 101
- BArticle 102
- CArticle 56
- DArticle 107
3.Easy
Members of the European Parliament are:
- AChosen by the Commission
- BAppointed by national governments
- CDirectly elected by citizens of the member states
- DElected by national parliaments only
4.Medium
Van Gend en Loos (1963) established that:
- ATreaty provisions can have direct effect and create rights for individuals in national courts
- BMember states can leave the EU at will
- CTreaty provisions bind only the member states and never create rights for individuals before national courts
- DDirectives have horizontal direct effect
5.Medium
What is the consequence under Article 101(2) TFEU of an agreement prohibited by Article 101(1) and not exempted?
- AIt is automatically void
- BIt becomes a state aid
- CIt remains valid but cannot be enforced against consumers
- DIt must be renegotiated within a year
6.Medium
Francovich (1991) established that:
- AMember states can be liable to pay damages for failing to implement a directive
- BIndividuals can enforce unimplemented directives directly against private employers
- CDirectives have horizontal direct effect
- DThe Commission can annul national laws
7.Hard
In Egenberger (2018), the Court held that Article 21 of the Charter (non-discrimination):
- ARequires national implementing legislation or secondary EU law before it has any effect in private disputes
- BIs a mere principle that cannot be relied on in court
- CApplies only to EU institutions and never to private employers
- DIs sufficient in itself to confer a right that individuals can rely on in disputes between private parties
8.Hard
In Höfner and Elser (1991), a German public employment agency was held to be an "undertaking" for competition law because:
- AIt was owned by foreign investors
- BIt was registered as a private company and financed by the fees it charged employers
- CIt was engaged in an economic activity, regardless of its legal status and financing
- DIt made a large profit every year
Answer key
- 1. D · Two months
- 2. B · Article 102
- 3. C · Directly elected by citizens of the member states
- 4. A · Treaty provisions can have direct effect and create rights for individuals in national courts
- 5. A · It is automatically void
- 6. A · Member states can be liable to pay damages for failing to implement a directive
- 7. D · Is sufficient in itself to confer a right that individuals can rely on in disputes between private parties
- 8. C · It was engaged in an economic activity, regardless of its legal status and financing
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