Practice exercise (made-up values, not clinical guidance). A town has 23 500 inhabitants. At the start of a year, 310 of them have a chronic disease. During the year, 401 more people are newly diagnosed (assume nobody moves away or dies). Find the cumulative incidence CI over the year per 1000 people at risk. Round to one decimal place.
Practice exercise (made-up values, not clinical guidance). A new test was compared with the reference standard in a study (see the 2 × 2 table). Find the sensitivity Se as a percentage. Round to one decimal place.
Practice exercise (made-up values, not clinical guidance). A case-control study compares 140 patients with a disease (cases) and 270 people without it (controls). The table shows how many in each group were exposed to a risk factor. Find the odds ratio OR for the exposure. Round to two decimal places.
Practice exercise (made-up values, not clinical guidance). In a randomised trial, 370 patients received a new treatment and 280 received the control treatment. The table shows how many in each group had the outcome (an unwanted event such as a stroke). Find the relative risk RR of the event with treatment. Round to two decimal places.
Practice exercise (made-up values, not clinical guidance). A screening test has a sensitivity of 81% and a specificity of 97%. It is used in a population where the prevalence is 0.5%. Find the positive predictive value PPV as a percentage. Round to one decimal place.
Practice exercise (made-up values, not clinical guidance). A screening test has a sensitivity of 83% and a specificity of 84%. It is used in a population where the prevalence is 30%. Find the positive predictive value PPV as a percentage. Round to one decimal place.
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