Practice exercise (made-up values, not clinical guidance). A new test was compared with the reference standard in a study (see the 2 × 2 table). Find the positive predictive value PPV as a percentage. Round to one decimal place.
Practice exercise (made-up values, not clinical guidance). A new test was compared with the reference standard in a study (see the 2 × 2 table). Find the accuracy Acc as a percentage. Round to one decimal place.
Practice exercise (made-up values, not clinical guidance). A case-control study compares 270 patients with a disease (cases) and 140 people without it (controls). The table shows how many in each group were exposed to a risk factor. Find the odds ratio OR for the exposure. Round to two decimal places.
Practice exercise (made-up values, not clinical guidance). In a randomised trial, 520 patients received a new treatment and 180 received the control treatment. The table shows how many in each group had the outcome (an unwanted event such as a stroke). Find the relative risk RR of the event with treatment. Round to two decimal places.
Practice exercise (made-up values, not clinical guidance). A patient has a pre-test probability of 50% for a disease. A test with sensitivity 73% and specificity 92% comes back positive. Find the post-test probability p′ of the disease as a percentage. Round to one decimal place.
Practice exercise (made-up values, not clinical guidance). A screening test has a sensitivity of 73% and a specificity of 80%. It is used in a population where the prevalence is 10%. Find the positive predictive value PPV as a percentage. Round to one decimal place.
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