Practice exercise (made-up values, not clinical guidance). A new test was compared with the reference standard in a study (see the 2 × 2 table). Find the positive predictive value PPV as a percentage. Round to one decimal place.
Practice exercise (made-up values, not clinical guidance). A new test was compared with the reference standard in a study (see the 2 × 2 table). Find the prevalence in the study p as a percentage. Round to one decimal place.
Practice exercise (made-up values, not clinical guidance). A case-control study compares 210 patients with a disease (cases) and 260 people without it (controls). The table shows how many in each group were exposed to a risk factor. Find the odds ratio OR for the exposure. Round to two decimal places.
Practice exercise (made-up values, not clinical guidance). A test has a sensitivity of 60% and a specificity of 73%. Find the positive likelihood ratio LR+. Round to two decimal places.
Practice exercise (made-up values, not clinical guidance). A screening test has a sensitivity of 88% and a specificity of 94%. It is used in a population where the prevalence is 15%. Find the positive predictive value PPV as a percentage. Round to one decimal place.
Practice exercise (made-up values, not clinical guidance). A treatment reduces the risk of an event by 48% in relative terms (RRR = 48%). In a patient group the risk without treatment (CER) is 29% over five years. Find the number needed to treat NNT for five years to prevent one event. Round up to a whole number of patients.
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