Practice exercise (made-up values, not clinical guidance). A new test was compared with the reference standard in a study (see the 2 × 2 table). Find the positive predictive value PPV as a percentage. Round to one decimal place.
Practice exercise (made-up values, not clinical guidance). A new test was compared with the reference standard in a study (see the 2 × 2 table). Find the sensitivity Se as a percentage. Round to one decimal place.
Practice exercise (made-up values, not clinical guidance). In a cohort, groups of people were followed for different lengths of time (see the table: number of people and years of follow-up for each). During follow-up, 12 new cases occurred. Find the incidence rate IR per 1000 person-years. Round to one decimal place.
Practice exercise (made-up values, not clinical guidance). A case-control study compares 130 patients with a disease (cases) and 220 people without it (controls). The table shows how many in each group were exposed to a risk factor. Find the odds ratio OR for the exposure. Round to two decimal places.
Practice exercise (made-up values, not clinical guidance). A patient has a pre-test probability of 10% for a disease. A test with sensitivity 60% and specificity 93% comes back negative. Find the post-test probability p′ of the disease as a percentage. Round to one decimal place.
Practice exercise (made-up values, not clinical guidance). A screening test has a sensitivity of 73% and a specificity of 92%. It is used in a population where the prevalence is 1%. Find the positive predictive value PPV as a percentage. Round to one decimal place.
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