Practice exercise (made-up values, not clinical guidance). A town has 35 500 inhabitants. At the start of a year, 1391 of them have a chronic disease. During the year, 403 more people are newly diagnosed (assume nobody moves away or dies). Find the cumulative incidence CI over the year per 1000 people at risk. Round to one decimal place.
Practice exercise (made-up values, not clinical guidance). A new test was compared with the reference standard in a study (see the 2 × 2 table). Find the accuracy Acc as a percentage. Round to one decimal place.
Practice exercise (made-up values, not clinical guidance). A test has a sensitivity of 78% and a specificity of 63%. Find the positive likelihood ratio LR+. Round to two decimal places.
Practice exercise (made-up values, not clinical guidance). A case-control study compares 280 patients with a disease (cases) and 190 people without it (controls). The table shows how many in each group were exposed to a risk factor. Find the odds ratio OR for the exposure. Round to two decimal places.
Practice exercise (made-up values, not clinical guidance). A screening test has a sensitivity of 93% and a specificity of 98%. It is used in a population where the prevalence is 15%. Find the positive predictive value PPV as a percentage. Round to one decimal place.
Practice exercise (made-up values, not clinical guidance). A screening test has a sensitivity of 92% and a specificity of 88%. It is used in a population where the prevalence is 1%. Find the positive predictive value PPV as a percentage. Round to one decimal place.
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