Practice exercise (made-up values, not clinical guidance). A new test was compared with the reference standard in a study (see the 2 × 2 table). Find the negative predictive value NPV as a percentage. Round to one decimal place.
Practice exercise (made-up values, not clinical guidance). A new test was compared with the reference standard in a study (see the 2 × 2 table). Find the specificity Sp as a percentage. Round to one decimal place.
Practice exercise (made-up values, not clinical guidance). A case-control study compares 90 patients with a disease (cases) and 500 people without it (controls). The table shows how many in each group were exposed to a risk factor. Find the odds ratio OR for the exposure. Round to two decimal places.
Practice exercise (made-up values, not clinical guidance). In a cohort study, exposed people contributed 7300 person-years with 274 new cases, and unexposed people 7000 person-years with 105 new cases. Find the incidence rate ratio IRR (exposed versus unexposed). Round to two decimal places.
Practice exercise (made-up values, not clinical guidance). A screening test has a sensitivity of 95% and a specificity of 85%. It is used in a population where the prevalence is 20%. Find the positive predictive value PPV as a percentage. Round to one decimal place.
Practice exercise (made-up values, not clinical guidance). A screening test has a sensitivity of 83% and a specificity of 97%. It is used in a population where the prevalence is 30%. Find the positive predictive value PPV as a percentage. Round to one decimal place.
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