Practice exercise (made-up values, not clinical guidance). A new test was compared with the reference standard in a study (see the 2 × 2 table). Find the positive predictive value PPV as a percentage. Round to one decimal place.
Practice exercise (made-up values, not clinical guidance). A new test was compared with the reference standard in a study (see the 2 × 2 table). Find the prevalence in the study p as a percentage. Round to one decimal place.
Practice exercise (made-up values, not clinical guidance). A test has a sensitivity of 69% and a specificity of 78%. Find the negative likelihood ratio LR−. Round to two decimal places.
Practice exercise (made-up values, not clinical guidance). A case-control study compares 250 patients with a disease (cases) and 390 people without it (controls). The table shows how many in each group were exposed to a risk factor. Find the odds ratio OR for the exposure. Round to two decimal places.
Practice exercise (made-up values, not clinical guidance). 10 000 people are screened with a test of sensitivity 76% and specificity 96%. The prevalence of the disease is 12%. How many people with the disease are missed by the test (false negatives, FN)?
Practice exercise (made-up values, not clinical guidance). A patient has a pre-test probability of 60% for a disease. A test with sensitivity 72% and specificity 87% comes back negative. Find the post-test probability p′ of the disease as a percentage. Round to one decimal place.
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