Practice exercise (made-up values, not clinical guidance). A town has 42 000 inhabitants. At the start of a year, 685 of them have a chronic disease. During the year, 353 more people are newly diagnosed (assume nobody moves away or dies). Find the cumulative incidence CI over the year per 1000 people at risk. Round to one decimal place.
Practice exercise (made-up values, not clinical guidance). A town has 11 000 inhabitants. At the start of a year, 73 of them have a chronic disease. During the year, 168 more people are newly diagnosed (assume nobody moves away or dies). Find the point prevalence P at the start of the year per 1000 inhabitants. Round to one decimal place.
Practice exercise (made-up values, not clinical guidance). A new test was compared with the reference standard in a study (see the 2 × 2 table). Find the negative likelihood ratio LR−. Round to two decimal places.
Practice exercise (made-up values, not clinical guidance). A case-control study compares 280 patients with a disease (cases) and 660 people without it (controls). The table shows how many in each group were exposed to a risk factor. Find the odds ratio OR for the exposure. Round to two decimal places.
Practice exercise (made-up values, not clinical guidance). Without a drug, 28% of patients have a certain side effect during a year. The drug raises this risk with a relative risk of RR = 1.33. Find the number needed to harm NNH: how many patients must take the drug for a year for one extra patient to have the side effect? Round up to a whole number of patients.
Practice exercise (made-up values, not clinical guidance). A treatment reduces the risk of an event by 11% in relative terms (RRR = 11%). In a patient group the risk without treatment (CER) is 13% over five years. Find the number needed to treat NNT for five years to prevent one event. Round up to a whole number of patients.
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