Practice exercise (made-up values, not clinical guidance). A town has 11 000 inhabitants. At the start of a year, 176 of them have a chronic disease. During the year, 125 more people are newly diagnosed (assume nobody moves away or dies). Find the point prevalence P at the start of the year per 1000 inhabitants. Round to one decimal place.
Practice exercise (made-up values, not clinical guidance). A new test was compared with the reference standard in a study (see the 2 × 2 table). Find the specificity Sp as a percentage. Round to one decimal place.
Practice exercise (made-up values, not clinical guidance). In a cohort, groups of people were followed for different lengths of time (see the table: number of people and years of follow-up for each). During follow-up, 38 new cases occurred. Find the incidence rate IR per 1000 person-years. Round to one decimal place.
Practice exercise (made-up values, not clinical guidance). A case-control study compares 180 patients with a disease (cases) and 640 people without it (controls). The table shows how many in each group were exposed to a risk factor. Find the odds ratio OR for the exposure. Round to two decimal places.
Practice exercise (made-up values, not clinical guidance). A treatment reduces the risk of an event by 31% in relative terms (RRR = 31%). In a patient group the risk without treatment (CER) is 37% over five years. Find the number needed to treat NNT for five years to prevent one event. Round up to a whole number of patients.
Practice exercise (made-up values, not clinical guidance). A screening test has a sensitivity of 84% and a specificity of 86%. It is used in a population where the prevalence is 20%. Find the negative predictive value NPV as a percentage. Round to one decimal place.
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