Lab values & electrolytes worksheet with answers

Vitamin B₁₂ deficiency typically causes which type of anemia?

1. AHemolytic anemia, with destroyed red cells
2. BAplastic anemia, with an empty bone marrow
3. CMacrocytic anemia, with large red cells
4. DMicrocytic anemia, with small red cells

At what time of day is serum cortisol normally highest?

1. ALate afternoon
2. BAfter the evening meal
3. CAround midnight
4. DEarly morning

How does dehydration usually affect the hematocrit?

1. AIt raises it
2. BIt has no effect
3. CIt lowers it
4. DIt makes it zero

How should a patient collect a clean-catch midstream urine sample?

1. ACollect the very first urine of the stream directly in the sterile cup
2. BCollect urine from the toilet bowl after voiding into the toilet
3. CFill the cup completely, then add tap water if there is not enough
4. DClean the area, start voiding into the toilet, then catch the middle part

Which finding during a transfusion suggests transfusion-associated circulatory overload (TACO)?

1. AA low temperature and slow heart rate
2. BBack pain with dark red urine output
3. CCrackles, hypertension and a raised BNP
4. DHives and itching without other signs

Which IV fluid can be given through the same line as a red cell transfusion?

1. A5% dextrose in water
2. BLactated Ringer's (Hartmann's) solution
3. C0.9% sodium chloride
4. D0.45% sodium chloride

A patient with schizophrenia drinks very large amounts of water each day. Sodium is 121 mEq/L, and the urine is very dilute (urine osmolality 70 mOsm/kg). Which explanation fits best?

1. AHyperosmolar hyperglycemic state
2. BSyndrome of inappropriate ADH
3. CPrimary (psychogenic) polydipsia
4. DCentral diabetes insipidus

A patient has taken metformin for 8 years and now has numbness in the feet, a hemoglobin of 10.2 g/dL (102 g/L) and an MCV of 108 fL. Which deficiency is most likely?

1. AVitamin D (calciferol) deficiency
2. BVitamin B₁₂ deficiency
3. CVitamin K deficiency
4. DIron deficiency from gut loss