Lab values & electrolytes worksheet with answers

What is the main role of platelets?

1. ATo carry oxygen and carbon dioxide in the blood
2. BTo break down old red cells in the spleen
3. CTo produce antibodies against bacteria and viruses
4. DTo form a plug at the site of vessel injury

Why can bilirubin appear in the urine in obstructive jaundice but not in hemolytic jaundice?

1. AOnly conjugated bilirubin is water soluble and filtered
2. BUnconjugated bilirubin is broken down in the bladder
3. CThe kidneys are always damaged in obstructive jaundice
4. DHemolysis stops the kidneys making any urine at all

What is a typical reference range for serum osmolality?

1. AAbout 135–145 mOsm/kg
2. BAbout 50–100 mOsm/kg
3. CAbout 275–295 mOsm/kg
4. DAbout 400–500 mOsm/kg

A patient on warfarin for atrial fibrillation has an INR of 1.4. What does this mean?

1. AAnticoagulation is below target, so clots and stroke are more likely
2. BThe patient no longer needs to take warfarin
3. CThe dose is exactly right and needs no change
4. DThe patient is at a high risk of bleeding and needs vitamin K at once

A healthy patient has a mildly raised CK after running a marathon yesterday, without dark urine or symptoms. What is the most likely explanation?

1. AThe patient has developed acute hepatitis
2. BAn acute myocardial infarction has occurred
3. CStrenuous exercise raised CK from skeletal muscle
4. DThe patient has developed acute pancreatitis

A patient receiving chemotherapy has an ANC of 300/µL and a new temperature of 38.3 °C (100.9 °F). What should the nurse do first?

1. ARemove extra blankets and offer a tepid sponge bath
2. BReport it at once so cultures and antibiotics start quickly
3. CGive acetaminophen (paracetamol) and recheck the temperature in 4 hours
4. DEncourage oral fluids and record the fever in the chart

A patient with a long-standing lung condition has a serum bicarbonate of 32 mEq/L, an arterial PaCO₂ that is always high and a pH of 7.36. Which condition fits best?

1. AAcute aspirin overdose with rapid breathing
2. BAcute severe diarrhea with large bicarbonate losses
3. CCOPD with chronic CO₂ retention and metabolic compensation
4. DAcute diabetic ketoacidosis with severe dehydration and vomiting

A child with sickle cell disease and a recent viral illness is pale and tired. The hemoglobin has fallen sharply, and the reticulocyte count is very low. What is the most likely problem?

1. AIron deficiency from a poor diet over months
2. BA normal finding in sickle cell disease
3. CAn aplastic crisis, often caused by parvovirus B19
4. DA vaso-occlusive pain crisis in the bones