Lab values & electrolytes worksheet with answers

What is the main effect of aldosterone on the kidneys?

1. ASodium is retained and potassium is excreted
2. BSodium is excreted and potassium is retained
3. CCalcium is retained and phosphate is excreted
4. DGlucose is retained and urea is excreted

What is a typical adult reference range for total serum bilirubin?

1. AAbout 3–12 mg/dL (51–205 µmol/L)
2. BAbout 0.3–1.2 mg/dL (5–21 µmol/L)
3. CAbout 10–20 mg/dL (171–342 µmol/L)
4. DAbout 0.03–0.1 mg/dL (0.5–1.7 µmol/L)

A raised B-type natriuretic peptide (BNP) level most strongly supports which condition in a breathless patient?

1. AAsthma attack
2. BPanic attack
3. CPneumonia
4. DHeart failure

A patient with hepatic encephalopathy is receiving lactulose. Which finding best shows that the treatment is effective?

1. ANo bowel movement for 2 days and calm sleep
2. BTwo to three soft stools a day and clearer thinking
3. CA rising serum ammonia with a slower flapping tremor
4. DSix to eight watery stools a day with dizziness

A patient has taken hydrochlorothiazide for several years. Which laboratory change is a recognized effect of this drug?

1. AA fall in blood glucose
2. BA rise in serum potassium
3. CA fall in serum calcium
4. DA rise in serum uric acid

A vancomycin trough level is above the target range. Which adverse effect is the main concern?

1. AA raised platelet count (thrombocytosis)
2. BKidney damage (nephrotoxicity)
3. CLow blood glucose (hypoglycemia)
4. DConstipation and bloating

The nurse teaches a patient starting lithium. Which statement shows a need for further teaching?

1. A"I will drink plenty of fluids, especially in hot weather"
2. B"I will tell my doctor if I have vomiting or diarrhea"
3. C"I will cut out salt from my diet completely to stay healthy"
4. D"I will check with the pharmacist before taking ibuprofen"

A patient without symptoms has a finger-stick glucose of 340 mg/dL (18.9 mmol/L). The previous values were normal, and the patient has just peeled an orange. What should the nurse do first?

1. AHave the patient wash and dry their hands, then repeat the test
2. BAsk the laboratory to measure HbA1c from the same drop of blood
3. CReport the result as a new diagnosis of diabetes mellitus
4. DGive a correction dose of insulin for a glucose of 340 mg/dL