Lab values & electrolytes worksheet with answers

Which urine test is used to screen people with diabetes for early kidney damage?

1. AThe urine albumin-to-creatinine ratio (ACR)
2. BA urine pregnancy test
3. CA urine culture for bacteria
4. DUrine specific gravity

A urine albumin-to-creatinine ratio (ACR) of at least which value is usually called moderately increased albuminuria?

1. A300 mg/dL (3 mg/mL)
2. B3 mg/g (0.3 mg/mmol)
3. C30 mg/g (3 mg/mmol)
4. D3,000 mg/g (300 mg/mmol)

Which blood marker is the most specific for injury to the heart muscle?

1. ATotal creatine kinase
2. BSerum myoglobin
3. CLactate dehydrogenase
4. DCardiac troponin

A patient with a potassium of 2.8 mEq/L has potassium chloride prescribed IV. Which statement about giving it is correct?

1. AIt may be given as a slow IV push over one minute if the level is very low
2. BIt is always diluted and given by infusion pump, never as an IV push
3. CIt is given as an undiluted bolus into a large vein to avoid irritation
4. DIt is added to the IV bag without mixing, so it stays at the bottom

A patient has weight loss, tremor and heat intolerance. Which thyroid test pattern fits Graves disease?

1. ALow TSH with a high free T₄
2. BNormal TSH with a low free T₄
3. CHigh TSH with a normal free T₄
4. DHigh TSH with a low free T₄

A patient’s hemoglobin is 7.8 g/dL (78 g/L). Which findings would the nurse expect?

1. AA slow heart rate, flushed skin and a high blood pressure
2. BItching, yellow skin and dark urine
3. CFatigue, pallor, a fast heart rate and breathlessness on exertion
4. DHeadache, nosebleeds and a red face

A patient with severe hypertriglyceridemia has a measured sodium of 128 mEq/L, but a measured serum osmolality is normal, and the patient has no symptoms. What is the most likely explanation?

1. ATrue hyponatremia from SIADH that needs fluid restriction
2. BPseudohyponatremia, an artifact caused by very high lipids
3. CHyponatremia caused by severe hyperglycemia in diabetes
4. DHyponatremia caused by drinking far too much water

A patient with ongoing hemolytic anemia has an HbA1c of 4.6%, but home glucose readings are often 180–220 mg/dL (10–12 mmol/L). What best explains the gap?

1. AShort red cell life span lowers the HbA1c falsely
2. BThe patient has true, well-controlled diabetes
3. CHemolysis makes the HbA1c test read too high
4. DThe home glucose meter is reading falsely high