Lab values & electrolytes worksheet with answers

What is the main effect of antidiuretic hormone (ADH) on the kidneys?

1. AMore potassium is reabsorbed, so the serum potassium rises
2. BMore glucose is excreted, so the urine contains sugar
3. CMore water is reabsorbed, so urine is concentrated
4. DMore water is excreted, so the urine becomes dilute

A urine dipstick is positive for nitrites. What does this most likely show?

1. ARed blood cells leaking from the glomeruli
2. BGlucose spilling into the urine from high blood levels
3. CBacteria in the urine that convert nitrate to nitrite
4. DKetones produced from fat breakdown in fasting

A raised procalcitonin level most strongly suggests:

1. AA viral common cold
2. BA bacterial infection
3. CIron-deficiency anemia
4. DAn allergic reaction

For most hospitalized adults with diabetes who are critically ill, which glucose target range is commonly recommended?

1. AAbout 300–350 mg/dL (16.7–19.4 mmol/L)
2. BAbout 250–300 mg/dL (13.9–16.7 mmol/L)
3. CAbout 60–80 mg/dL (3.3–4.4 mmol/L)
4. DAbout 140–180 mg/dL (7.8–10 mmol/L)

A healthy patient's result is slightly outside the laboratory reference range, and all other results are normal. Which statement best explains why this can happen?

1. AReference ranges include every healthy person without exception
2. BReference ranges are the same in every laboratory worldwide
3. CRanges cover about 95% of healthy people, so some fall outside
4. DAny result outside the range always means disease is present

A patient who has been vomiting for two days has a BUN of 32 mg/dL (urea 11.4 mmol/L) and a normal creatinine. What is the most likely cause?

1. ALow-protein diet
2. BOverhydration
3. CDehydration
4. DLiver failure

A patient's bedside glucose meter shows "HI" (above its measuring range). The patient is drowsy. What should the nurse do?

1. ARecord "HI" and repeat the meter test at the next scheduled time
2. BGive oral glucose in case the reading is wrong and the patient is low
3. CSend a venous sample to the lab and inform the provider at once
4. DAssume the meter is broken and give the usual insulin dose

A patient with acute pancreatitis has a rising BUN, a falling calcium and a glucose of 250 mg/dL (13.9 mmol/L) over the first 48 hours. What do these results suggest?

1. AIncreasingly severe pancreatitis
2. BAn unrelated new kidney stone
3. CA resolving, mild pancreatitis
4. DA lab error from lipemic samples