1.Easy
What is a typical adult reference range for serum albumin?
- AAbout 0.5–1.0 g/dL (5–10 g/L)
- BAbout 8.5–10.5 g/dL (85–105 g/L)
- CAbout 12–16 g/dL (120–160 g/L)
- DAbout 3.5–5.0 g/dL (35–50 g/L)
2.Easy
What is the usual diagnostic cut-off for diabetes on a fasting plasma glucose test, when confirmed on a second test?
- A200 mg/dL (11.1 mmol/L) or higher
- B100 mg/dL (5.6 mmol/L) or higher
- C110 mg/dL (6.1 mmol/L) or higher
- D126 mg/dL (7.0 mmol/L) or higher
3.Easy
What does a positive direct antiglobulin test (direct Coombs test) show?
- AThe patient's platelets are clumping together in the blood sample
- BThe patient's red cells are too small and contain little hemoglobin
- CAntibodies or complement are attached to the patient's red cells
- DThe patient's plasma is missing the clotting factor VIII
4.Medium
A vancomycin trough level is above the target range. Which adverse effect is the main concern?
- AConstipation and bloating
- BKidney damage (nephrotoxicity)
- CA raised platelet count (thrombocytosis)
- DLow blood glucose (hypoglycemia)
5.Medium
A patient on warfarin has an INR of 7.8 and a nosebleed. Which medication would the nurse expect the provider to prescribe?
- AVitamin K (phytonadione)
- BAcetylcysteine
- CProtamine sulfate
- DNaloxone hydrochloride
6.Medium
A conscious patient with a blood glucose of 54 mg/dL (3.0 mmol/L) has taken 15 g of fast-acting carbohydrate. When should the glucose be rechecked?
- AAt the next meal
- BAfter about 15 minutes
- CThe next morning
- DAfter about 2 hours
7.Hard
A patient with right upper abdominal pain from gallstones now has jaundice, a total bilirubin of 4.8 mg/dL (82 µmol/L) and a raised ALP. What is the most likely cause?
- AA stone blocking the common bile duct
- BGilbert syndrome triggered by pain
- CHemolysis caused by the gallstones
- DUncomplicated gallbladder inflammation
8.Hard
A patient arrives 30 minutes after vomiting a large amount of blood. The heart rate is 125/min, but the first hemoglobin is 13.0 g/dL (130 g/L). Why is the hemoglobin misleading?
- AThe test is never accurate in emergency situations
- BHemoglobin rises during bleeding, which hides the loss
- CWhole blood is lost, so the level falls only hours later
- DThe value proves there is no significant bleeding
Answer key
- 1. D · About 3.5–5.0 g/dL (35–50 g/L)
- 2. D · 126 mg/dL (7.0 mmol/L) or higher
- 3. C · Antibodies or complement are attached to the patient's red cells
- 4. B · Kidney damage (nephrotoxicity)
- 5. A · Vitamin K (phytonadione)
- 6. B · After about 15 minutes
- 7. A · A stone blocking the common bile duct
- 8. C · Whole blood is lost, so the level falls only hours later
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