Lab values & electrolytes worksheet with answers

Why can bilirubin appear in the urine in obstructive jaundice but not in hemolytic jaundice?

1. AThe kidneys are always damaged in obstructive jaundice
2. BOnly conjugated bilirubin is water soluble and filtered
3. CUnconjugated bilirubin is broken down in the bladder
4. DHemolysis stops the kidneys making any urine at all

In the US (NCEP ATP III) classification, which total cholesterol level is called desirable for an adult?

1. AAbove 240 mg/dL (6.2 mmol/L)
2. BBelow 200 mg/dL (5.2 mmol/L)
3. CBelow 300 mg/dL (7.8 mmol/L)
4. DBetween 250 and 300 mg/dL (6.5–7.8 mmol/L)

What does the specificity of a diagnostic test describe?

1. AThe proportion of people without the disease who test negative
2. BThe proportion of people with the disease who test positive
3. CThe cost of the test compared with other tests
4. DThe total number of people who take the test each year

In the third trimester of pregnancy, a woman's alkaline phosphatase (ALP) is about twice the usual adult range, and the other liver tests are normal. What is the best interpretation?

1. AA sign of blocked bile ducts
2. BA sign of new bone cancer
3. CA normal rise from placental ALP
4. DA sign of acute viral hepatitis

A patient with sepsis has a lactate of 2.1 mmol/L on admission and 4.3 mmol/L two hours later, despite IV fluids. What does this suggest?

1. AImproving circulation as the fluids start to work
2. BExpected muscle activity from shivering in fever
3. CA normal response to IV fluids in the first hours
4. DWorsening tissue perfusion that needs urgent reporting

A tired patient with heavy menstrual periods has a normal hemoglobin and MCV but a ferritin of 8 ng/mL. What does this show?

1. AIron overload from too much iron
2. BVitamin B₁₂ deficiency anemia
3. CIron deficiency without anemia yet
4. DA completely normal iron status

On the evening after surgery, a patient’s hemoglobin has fallen from 12.5 g/dL to 8.1 g/dL (125 to 81 g/L), and the heart rate is 118/min. What is the most likely problem?

1. ABleeding
2. BAn improving condition
3. CNormal dilution after surgery that needs no action
4. DDehydration

A patient has painless jaundice, itching, dark urine and pale stools. ALP is markedly raised, conjugated (direct) bilirubin is high and ALT is only mildly raised. What is the most likely cause?

1. ABlockage of bile flow, for example by a tumor in the bile duct
2. BIncreased breakdown of red blood cells (hemolytic anemia)
3. CGilbert syndrome, a harmless inherited bilirubin disorder
4. DAcute viral hepatitis with widespread liver cell damage