Med-surg: cardiovascular & respiratory worksheet with answers

How does montelukast work in asthma?

1. AIt thins mucus by breaking down DNA
2. BIt blocks leukotriene receptors in the airways
3. CIt kills bacteria in the bronchi
4. DIt stimulates beta-2 receptors in the airways

Which drug is commonly used to slow the heart rate in atrial fibrillation?

1. AAmlodipine (a dihydropyridine calcium channel blocker)
2. BAtorvastatin (a statin)
3. CBisoprolol (a beta-blocker)
4. DFurosemide (a loop diuretic)

What happens to the lungs in emphysema?

1. AAlveolar walls are destroyed, reducing the surface for gas exchange
2. BThe pleural space slowly fills with fluid that compresses the lung
3. CThe airways narrow briefly and fully recover
4. DThe bronchi become permanently widened and repeatedly infected

A patient with heart failure is comfortable at rest but becomes breathless walking across a room. Which NYHA class fits best?

1. AClass II
2. BClass III
3. CClass I
4. DClass IV

Which investigation is most often used to confirm a pulmonary embolism?

1. APeak flow measurement
2. BAbdominal ultrasound
3. CSputum culture
4. DCT pulmonary angiography

After an above-knee amputation, which measure helps prevent a hip flexion contracture?

1. AKeeping a pillow under the stump at all times, day and night
2. BSitting in a chair for most of the day with the hips bent
3. CLying prone for periods and avoiding pillows under the stump
4. DKeeping the hip bent to reduce stump swelling

After a car crash, a patient is severely breathless with absent breath sounds on the right, a deviated trachea, distended neck veins and BP 76/40 mmHg. What is the immediate management?

1. AA chest X-ray to confirm the diagnosis before any treatment
2. BUrgent needle or finger decompression of the right chest
3. CLying the patient flat with the legs raised
4. DInsertion of a urinary catheter to monitor output

Four surgical patients need VTE prevention. For which patient is mechanical prophylaxis alone most appropriate?

1. AA patient with cancer having bowel surgery
2. BAn obese patient after hip surgery
3. CA patient who had a brain haemorrhage two days ago
4. DA patient after an uncomplicated knee replacement