Med-surg: cardiovascular & respiratory worksheet with answers

Which patient groups are most likely to have myocardial infarction without classic chest pain?

1. AYoung men and people who exercise regularly
2. BTeenagers and people with asthma
3. CSmokers and people with high cholesterol or obesity
4. DOlder adults, women and people with diabetes

When is pneumonia classed as hospital-acquired?

1. AOnly when it is caused by a virus
2. BWhen it starts 48 hours or more after admission
3. CWhen it starts within the first hour after admission
4. DWhen the patient had symptoms before admission

Together with fever, which finding should raise suspicion of infective endocarditis?

1. AA slow heart rate
2. BPain in one calf
3. CA dry, tickly cough
4. DA new heart murmur

A young patient with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy asks why they are told to avoid dehydration. What is the best explanation?

1. ADehydration makes the heart muscle grow thicker within a few hours
2. BDehydration is the cause of the inherited condition
3. CFluids dissolve the extra muscle in the heart wall
4. DLow blood volume can worsen obstruction of blood leaving the heart

A patient has chest pain at rest in the early morning with brief ST elevation that resolves. Coronary arteries are later found to be clear. Which condition is most likely?

1. AStable exertional angina from a fixed plaque
2. BAcute pericarditis
3. CVasospastic (Prinzmetal) angina
4. DAortic stenosis

A patient is starting long-term amiodarone. Which teaching and monitoring are most important?

1. AExpect orange urine and no need for blood tests
2. BProtect skin from sunlight and have thyroid, liver and lung checks
3. CAvoid dairy products and have the INR checked once at the start
4. DEat extra salt and stop the drug as soon as the pulse is regular

A patient with lung cancer develops swelling of the face and arms, distended neck and chest veins and breathlessness that is worse when bending forward. What is the most likely cause?

1. ASuperior vena cava obstruction
2. BRight-sided heart failure
3. CAn allergic reaction to chemotherapy
4. DA deep vein thrombosis in the leg

On day 2 after a surgical tracheostomy, the tube falls out. The patient is breathing but distressed. What should the nurse do first?

1. ACall for expert help and give oxygen to both the face and the stoma
2. BCover the stoma completely with a sealed dressing and wait for help
3. CLeave the patient alone while fetching a new tube
4. DForce the tube back through the stoma immediately with firm pressure