Med-surg: cardiovascular & respiratory worksheet with answers

Where in the kidney does furosemide mainly act?

1. AThe loop of Henle
2. BThe glomerulus
3. CThe renal artery
4. DThe collecting duct only

What does the term "hypoxaemia" mean?

1. AA low level of haemoglobin in the blood
2. BA low level of oxygen in the arterial blood
3. CA high level of carbon dioxide in the blood
4. DA fast breathing rate with normal oxygen

Which of these is a modifiable risk factor for coronary heart disease?

1. ASmoking
2. BOlder age
3. CFamily history
4. DMale sex

Which ECG change is classically linked with hyperkalaemia?

1. ADelta waves before the QRS
2. BTall, peaked T waves
3. CA sawtooth baseline
4. DProminent U waves

Which statement about a spacer for a metered-dose inhaler is correct?

1. ALess coordination is needed, and more drug reaches the lungs
2. BIt is designed to be used with dry-powder inhalers
3. CIt makes each puff of the drug stronger than usual
4. DIt means the steroid preventer inhaler can be stopped altogether

A patient has episodes of severe headache, sweating and palpitations with very high blood pressure. Which rare cause should be considered?

1. APhaeochromocytoma
2. BStable angina
3. CAsthma
4. DAortic stenosis

A 70-year-old man has a small abdominal aortic aneurysm found on screening and is placed under surveillance. Which advice is most important?

1. AStop smoking, control BP and seek help at once for sudden back pain
2. BStop all blood pressure medicines to avoid low pressure
3. CAvoid all exercise and lifting for the rest of his life to protect the aorta
4. DHave the aneurysm repaired immediately, whatever its size or growth rate

A patient who has had a total laryngectomy becomes breathless and needs oxygen. How should it be given?

1. AVia a mask or humidified device over the neck stoma
2. BVia a non-rebreather mask over the mouth only
3. CVia nasal cannula at 2 L/min
4. DVia a standard face mask over the nose and mouth