Med-surg: GI, perioperative & oncology worksheet with answers

Which drug group is commonly used to prevent venous thromboembolism after surgery?

1. ALoop diuretics
2. BNon-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs
3. CProton pump inhibitors
4. DLow molecular weight heparins

Which advice helps a patient with oral mucositis from chemotherapy?

1. AAn alcohol-based mouthwash used several times a day to disinfect
2. BHot, spicy food to stimulate the flow of saliva
3. CStopping all mouth care until the soreness settles
4. DGentle care with a soft toothbrush and saline mouth rinses

What is the first aid for a dry chemical powder on the skin?

1. AAdd vinegar to neutralise it at once
2. BRub it in with a wet cloth to spread it thinly over the skin
3. CCover it with a tight dressing and wait
4. DBrush off the powder, then irrigate with plenty of water

A patient has taken oral prednisolone daily for many months. Why is this important before surgery?

1. AThey may need extra steroid cover to prevent an adrenal crisis
2. BSteroids make the anaesthetic drugs last much longer
3. CSteroids prevent all wound infections after surgery
4. DSteroids must always be stopped a full week before any type of surgery

Which intervention most reduces pressure ulcer risk in an immobile patient?

1. AUsing a doughnut-shaped ring cushion
2. BRegular repositioning and a pressure-redistributing mattress
3. CMassaging red areas firmly at each turn to bring back the circulation
4. DKeeping the head of the bed raised at 90° all day

Which measures help prevent tumour lysis syndrome in high-risk patients?

1. AFluid restriction with potassium tablets
2. BIV hydration with allopurinol or rasburicase
3. CCalcium and phosphate supplements daily
4. DStopping all IV and oral fluids during the chemotherapy

A patient who takes NSAIDs suddenly develops severe epigastric pain, a rigid abdomen and shoulder-tip pain. Which finding would most support the likely diagnosis?

1. AFree air under the diaphragm on an erect chest X-ray
2. BFluid levels in the bladder on an ultrasound scan
3. CA raised serum lipase three times the upper limit
4. DTall, peaked T waves on a 12-lead ECG

A nurse teaches a patient with GORD. Which statement shows a need for further teaching?

1. A"I'll keep a diary of foods that trigger my symptoms."
2. B"I'll try to lose some weight over the next months."
3. C"Peppermint tea after dinner will settle my reflux."
4. D"I'll stop smoking because it makes reflux worse."