1.Easy
What is a parastomal hernia?
- AA sore, red area of skin under the stoma bag from leaking output
- BA narrowing of the stoma opening
- CA bulge of bowel through the abdominal wall next to a stoma
- DA stoma that has sunk below the level of the skin
2.Easy
What is metastasis?
- AHealing of tissue after a biopsy
- BShrinking of a tumour after treatment
- CThe first appearance of a tumour in a single organ of the body
- DSpread of cancer cells to a distant part of the body
3.Easy
Which feature is typical of an arterial leg ulcer?
- AA blister on the heel with plenty of hair growth
- BA painless wound on the shin with normal pulses
- CA shallow, wet wound around the ankle with warm, swollen skin
- DA painful, punched-out wound on a cold, pale foot
4.Medium
When breaking bad news, what is the first step in frameworks such as SPIKES?
- AGive all treatment options before checking understanding
- BGive the diagnosis as quickly as possible in the corridor
- CAsk the family to decide what the patient should be told
- DSet up a private setting with enough time
5.Medium
Which pain pattern classically suggests a duodenal rather than a gastric ulcer?
- APain 2–3 hours after meals and at night, eased by eating
- BPain in the right lower abdomen with fever and vomiting
- CPain straight after eating that is worsened by food
- DPain only on deep breathing that eases when sitting forwards
6.Medium
How can low-dose opioids help a patient with breathlessness from advanced cancer?
- AThey reduce the feeling of breathlessness
- BThey open the airways like an inhaler
- CThey cure the underlying lung disease
- DThey increase the oxygen level in the blood
7.Hard
A patient on a long-term opioid for chronic pain is admitted for surgery. Which statement is correct?
- AThe usual opioid is continued, plus extra analgesia, due to tolerance
- BThey need lower postoperative opioid doses than opioid-naive patients
- CAll opioids should be stopped on admission to prevent addiction
- DThey should receive only paracetamol after the operation is over
8.Hard
A patient with diabetes has rapidly spreading redness around a small wound, severe pain out of proportion, fever and crackling under the skin. What should the nurse suspect?
- AMild contact dermatitis
- BA simple insect bite
- CNecrotising fasciitis
- DA healing venous ulcer
Answer key
- 1. C · A bulge of bowel through the abdominal wall next to a stoma
- 2. D · Spread of cancer cells to a distant part of the body
- 3. D · A painful, punched-out wound on a cold, pale foot
- 4. D · Set up a private setting with enough time
- 5. A · Pain 2–3 hours after meals and at night, eased by eating
- 6. A · They reduce the feeling of breathlessness
- 7. A · The usual opioid is continued, plus extra analgesia, due to tolerance
- 8. C · Necrotising fasciitis
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