Med-surg: GI, perioperative & oncology worksheet with answers

Which non-invasive test is commonly used to detect Helicobacter pylori infection?

1. ASerum amylase test
2. BUrea breath test
3. CLiver function tests
4. DFaecal occult blood test

Why are patients advised to stop smoking before surgery?

1. AIt is needed so that consent forms are valid
2. BIt makes the anaesthetic work for a shorter time
3. CIt lowers the risk of chest and wound complications
4. DIt stops patients from feeling hungry while fasting

Which factor most increases the risk of Clostridioides difficile infection?

1. ARecent antibiotic treatment
2. BRegular exercise
3. CDrinking bottled water
4. DA diet high in fibre

Which dressing is generally suitable for a wound with heavy exudate?

1. AA hydrogel sheet
2. BA thin transparent film
3. CAn alginate or foam
4. DDry gauze changed weekly

What is often the earliest sign of malignant hyperthermia during anaesthesia?

1. AAn unexplained rise in end-tidal CO₂
2. BA steady fall in body temperature
3. CFlushed skin with a falling CO₂ level
4. DA slowing heart rate and low blood pressure

Which initial treatment is usual for symptomatic hypercalcaemia of malignancy?

1. AFluid restriction and a thiazide diuretic
2. BA high-calcium diet with extra milk
3. COral calcium tablets and vitamin D
4. DIV fluids followed by an IV bisphosphonate

Why is an SGLT2 inhibitor such as dapagliflozin usually withheld before surgery?

1. AIt interacts with all general anaesthetic gases and stops them working
2. BIt makes the patient's potassium dangerously high
3. CIt raises the risk of ketoacidosis, even with near-normal glucose
4. DIt causes the surgical wound to bleed more

A patient with diabetes on continuous enteral feeding and an insulin regimen has the feed stopped for a procedure. What is the main concern?

1. AHyperglycaemia because the stomach is empty
2. BHypoglycaemia if insulin continues without the feed
3. CDiarrhoea from stopping the feed suddenly
4. DRefeeding syndrome from too much glucose