Med-surg: neuro, endocrine & renal worksheet with answers

What is the main cause of type 1 diabetes?

1. AEating too much sugar and sweet food during childhood
2. BInsulin resistance caused mainly by excess body weight
3. CA lack of glucagon from the pancreas
4. DAutoimmune destruction of the insulin-making beta cells

A febrile patient has a rash that does not fade when a glass is pressed against it. What should the nurse suspect?

1. AAn allergic reaction to soap
2. BA simple viral skin rash
3. CMeningococcal septicaemia
4. DHeat rash from a high temperature

In neurological charting, what does PERRLA stand for?

1. APatient eating, resting, reading, learning and alert at all times
2. BPupils equal, round, reactive to light and accommodation
3. CPulse even, regular, rate low and adequate
4. DPain eased, resting, relaxed, lying awake

After pressing the plunger of an insulin pen, what should the patient do?

1. AKeep the needle in the skin for about 10 seconds
2. BLeave the needle on the pen for the next injection
3. CPull the needle out at once and rub the site firmly
4. DInject a second dose straight away to be sure

A routine blood test shows a potassium of 6.4 mmol/L. The lab reports that the sample was haemolysed. The patient feels well. What should the nurse do?

1. AInform the doctor and arrange an urgent repeat sample
2. BGive oral potassium supplements straight away
3. CStart dialysis as soon as possible
4. DIgnore it, because haemolysis always gives a normal result

After IV thrombolysis for stroke, which observations are most important in the first 24 hours?

1. ADaily weight and the fluid balance only
2. BBowel sounds and abdominal girth hourly
3. CHourly peak flow and oxygen saturation
4. DFrequent neurological checks and BP

A patient with suspected meningitis has a GCS of 9 and pupils that have become unequal. A doctor plans an immediate lumbar puncture. What is the main concern?

1. ARaised pressure in the skull, so the procedure could cause herniation
2. BThe patient is too confused to stay still, so it is not needed
3. CA lumbar puncture would spread the infection to the blood
4. DThere is no concern, because the lumbar puncture lowers pressure safely

A patient with acromegaly snores loudly, stops breathing at times in sleep and is sleepy during the day. What is most likely?

1. ANormal snoring
2. BNarcolepsy
3. CAn anxiety disorder
4. DObstructive sleep apnoea