Med-surg: neuro, endocrine & renal worksheet with answers

What is urge incontinence?

1. ALeaking because the toilet is too far away
2. BLeaking only when laughing, coughing or lifting heavy objects
3. CDribbling because the bladder never empties
4. DA sudden, strong need to pass urine, followed by leaking

Which description best fits an absence seizure?

1. AJerking that starts in one hand and spreads up the arm
2. BA brief staring spell of a few seconds with a quick return to normal
3. CStiffening and then jerking of all four limbs for several minutes
4. DA sudden loss of muscle tone that makes the person fall

Which nerve cells are damaged in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (motor neurone disease)?

1. AThe optic nerves and retina
2. BUpper and lower motor neurons
3. CSensory nerves in the skin only
4. DThe nerves of the autonomic system only

A patient is starting lamotrigine. Which teaching point is most important?

1. AReport any skin rash promptly, especially in the first weeks
2. BExpect an orange tint to tears and urine
3. CDouble the dose if a seizure happens
4. DTake it with a glass of grapefruit juice to improve its absorption

Which statement about the PSA blood test is correct?

1. AA raised result always means prostate cancer
2. BIt can be raised by benign problems as well as by cancer
3. CA normal result always rules out any prostate cancer
4. DIt is only raised in women with bladder cancer

Why is good blood pressure control important in chronic kidney disease?

1. AIt slows the decline in kidney function
2. BIt raises the haemoglobin level in the blood
3. CIt lowers the blood glucose
4. DIt cures chronic kidney disease

Why may HbA1c be unreliable in a patient with haemolytic anaemia or a recent large blood transfusion?

1. ABlood transfusions contain large amounts of glucose
2. BThe test only measures the glucose in the plasma, not in the cells
3. CIt depends on how long red blood cells survive in the blood
4. DAnaemia always makes the HbA1c very high

A 66-year-old smoker has had two episodes of painless red urine. Urine cultures are negative. Which plan is most appropriate?

1. AAdvise more fluids and review in a year
2. BAnother course of antibiotics for a UTI
3. CUrgent referral for cystoscopy and imaging
4. DReassure him, because the blood has stopped