Med-surg: neuro, endocrine & renal worksheet with answers

Which features suggest pyelonephritis rather than simple cystitis?

1. AUrine that smells slightly stronger
2. BMild burning on passing urine only
3. CPassing urine more often at night only
4. DFever, rigors and pain in the loin

What is an aura before a seizure?

1. AA warning sensation, which is itself a small focal seizure
2. BA lasting change in vision that is caused by long-term epilepsy
3. CThe confusion and sleepiness after a seizure ends
4. DA rash that appears after some antiepileptic drugs

What is spinal shock?

1. AA severe allergic reaction to spinal anaesthetic
2. BA very low blood pressure caused by blood loss after trauma
3. CA temporary loss of reflexes and tone below a spinal cord injury
4. DA permanent loss of feeling in both hands only, from nerve damage

After pituitary surgery, a patient passes 400 mL of urine per hour for three hours with a low specific gravity. What should the nurse suspect?

1. ANormal diuresis
2. BDiabetes insipidus
3. CSIADH
4. DAcute kidney injury

During DKA treatment, glucose falls below about 14 mmol/L (around 250 mg/dL) but ketones are still raised. What usually happens?

1. AGlucose is added to the fluids; insulin continues
2. BThe insulin infusion is stopped straight away
3. CThe patient eats a meal and IV treatment stops
4. DAll IV fluids are stopped to avoid fluid overload

Which criterion for acute kidney injury (KDIGO) relates to urine output?

1. ABelow 1 L in 24 hours whatever the intake
2. BBelow 0.5 mL/kg/h for 6 hours or more
3. CAny change in the colour of the urine
4. DBelow 2 mL/kg/h for 1 hour

A patient received IV insulin and glucose for hyperkalaemia an hour ago. What must the nurse monitor over the next few hours?

1. APupils, for raised intracranial pressure
2. BSkin, for a drug rash
3. CUrine colour, for blood in the urine
4. DCapillary glucose, for hypoglycaemia

An 84-year-old man became more confused a week after starting oxybutynin. Infection has been ruled out. What should the nurse suspect?

1. ANormal ageing that needs no review
2. BA sign that the drug dose is too low
3. CAnticholinergic side effects of the drug
4. DA symptom of a high potassium from the drug