Med-surg: neuro, endocrine & renal worksheet with answers

Which statement about a transient ischaemic attack (TIA) is correct?

1. ANo follow-up is needed, because all the symptoms go away
2. BSymptoms last for days and leave the patient with lasting weakness
3. CIt is caused by a small bleed into the brain tissue
4. DSymptoms resolve fully, but stroke risk is high, so urgent review is needed

Which fluid is usually given first in diabetic ketoacidosis?

1. AIV sterile water for injection
2. BOral sugary drinks and water
3. CIV 50% glucose solution
4. DIV 0.9% sodium chloride

A patient with Bell's palsy cannot close one eye fully. Which advice is most important?

1. AWear contact lenses to keep the eye moist
2. BLeave the eye uncovered so air can dry it out
3. CUse lubricating eye drops and protect or tape the eye at night
4. DMassage the closed eyeball firmly several times every day

Which criterion for acute kidney injury (KDIGO) relates to urine output?

1. ABelow 1 L in 24 hours whatever the intake
2. BAny change in the colour of the urine
3. CBelow 0.5 mL/kg/h for 6 hours or more
4. DBelow 2 mL/kg/h for 1 hour

A patient uses a continuous glucose monitor. Which statement is correct?

1. AIt measures glucose directly in the blood every second of the day
2. BIt reads glucose in fluid under the skin, a little behind blood glucose
3. CIt works by giving small doses of insulin automatically
4. DIt makes finger-prick checks unnecessary in every situation

A patient with a spinal cord injury can still feel a light touch around the anus. What does this show?

1. AThe injury is complete, and recovery is not possible
2. BThe injury is incomplete, which suggests a better chance of recovery
3. CThe sensation is only a spinal reflex and has no real meaning for recovery
4. DThe patient has an injury of the brain, not the cord

Why may nitrofurantoin be avoided in an older patient with significantly reduced kidney function?

1. AIt cannot be taken with food in kidney disease
2. BIt cures kidney disease too quickly
3. CIt works less well and is more likely to be toxic
4. DIt turns the urine red in kidney disease

A patient on continuous overnight enteral feeding receives insulin timed to the feed. At 02:00 the tube blocks and the feed stops. What is the main risk, and what should the nurse do?

1. AKetoacidosis; stop all insulin until the morning
2. BHypoglycaemia; check glucose often and follow the plan for glucose cover
3. CNo risk; the insulin will simply be stored until feeding restarts
4. DHyperglycaemia; give an extra dose of insulin straight away