Med-surg: neuro, endocrine & renal worksheet with answers

Which breathing pattern is typical of diabetic ketoacidosis?

1. ASlow, shallow breathing
2. BDeep, rapid (Kussmaul) breathing
3. CCheyne–Stokes breathing
4. DRapid, shallow panting with wheeze

What is sciatica?

1. APain that spreads down the back of the leg from an irritated nerve root
2. BPain in the front of the knee caused by arthritis
3. CCramp in the calf muscle after exercise, caused by low potassium levels
4. DStiffness of the hips in the morning

Which statement about metformin is correct?

1. AIt works by making the pancreas release a lot more insulin
2. BIt is given by injection into the abdomen once a week
3. CIt is the usual first treatment for type 1 diabetes in adults
4. DUsed on its own, it rarely causes hypoglycaemia

A patient with migraine takes painkillers or triptans on most days and now has a headache almost every day. What is the likely problem?

1. ANormal progress of migraine
2. BMedication overuse headache
3. CAn allergy to the painkillers
4. DA brain tumour, which is almost certain

For which patient would the nurse question an order for pioglitazone?

1. AA patient with hypothyroidism
2. BA patient with heart failure
3. CA patient with an allergy to latex
4. DA patient with asthma

Why are patients with an acute spinal cord injury at high risk of deep vein thrombosis?

1. AParalysed leg muscles no longer pump blood back to the heart
2. BThey usually take oestrogen as part of their treatment
3. CSpinal injuries always damage the large veins of the legs
4. DThe injury makes the blood too thin to clot properly in the veins

Which statement correctly distinguishes spinal shock from neurogenic shock?

1. ASpinal shock is low blood pressure; neurogenic shock is the loss of reflexes
2. BThey are two names for exactly the same condition
3. CNeurogenic shock is caused by blood loss; spinal shock is caused by infection
4. DSpinal shock is lost reflexes; neurogenic shock is low BP and slow pulse

Which patient on a stroke unit is most at risk of falling?

1. AA patient with a right-hemisphere stroke who is impulsive and denies having weakness
2. BA patient with a TIA whose symptoms resolved completely yesterday
3. CA patient with a left-hemisphere stroke who has expressive aphasia and waits for help
4. DA patient with mild dysarthria who walks steadily with a frame