Med-surg: neuro, endocrine & renal worksheet with answers

Which symptom is the classic warning sign of bladder cancer?

1. APainless visible blood in the urine
2. BLeaking urine when coughing
3. CSevere loin pain that comes in waves
4. DBurning pain on passing urine

Why is dexamethasone often given to patients with a brain tumour?

1. ATo raise the blood pressure
2. BTo reduce swelling around the tumour
3. CTo kill the tumour cells directly
4. DTo prevent infection after a biopsy

Which picture is typical of Guillain–Barré syndrome?

1. AMuscle weakness that worsens late in the day and improves with rest
2. BA resting tremor that slowly spreads to the other hand
3. CA sudden one-sided facial droop with slurred speech
4. DRising weakness from the legs, weeks after an infection

Why is an ACE inhibitor often given to a patient with diabetes and albumin in the urine?

1. AIt protects the kidneys and reduces albumin loss
2. BIt stops the kidneys from passing so much urine at night
3. CIt raises potassium to protect the heart
4. DIt lowers the blood glucose to normal

Which urine finding best distinguishes diabetes insipidus from SIADH?

1. ADI gives dilute urine; SIADH gives concentrated urine
2. BDI gives concentrated urine; SIADH gives dilute urine
3. CBoth conditions give very concentrated urine
4. DDI gives glucose in the urine; SIADH gives protein

A patient has had a calcium oxalate kidney stone. Which advice best helps prevent another?

1. ACut all calcium out of the diet
2. BTake extra vitamin C supplements
3. CDrink only a little to avoid diluting the urine
4. DDrink plenty of fluid so the urine stays pale

A patient arrives five hours after the onset of a stroke. A CT angiogram shows a blockage of a large artery in the brain. What is the most appropriate next step?

1. ANo treatment, because the time for any reperfusion has passed
2. BUrgent referral for assessment for mechanical thrombectomy
3. CStart IV alteplase immediately without further imaging
4. DGive aspirin and plan a review on the ward tomorrow

A patient with SIADH is taught about a fluid restriction. Which statement shows a need for further teaching?

1. A"I will report any headaches or confusion."
2. B"I will count all drinks, including soup, in my daily total."
3. C"If I feel thirsty, I can drink as much water as I like."
4. D"I will weigh myself every morning."