1.Easy
What is overflow incontinence?
- ALeaking after a sudden strong urge
- BWetting caused by not being able to undress quickly
- CDribbling from a bladder that does not empty properly
- DLeaking when sneezing or jumping
2.Easy
How is chronic kidney disease defined?
- AAny single raised creatinine result
- BA sudden rise in creatinine over 48 hours after surgery
- CAbnormal kidney function or structure for over 3 months
- DKidney pain lasting more than a week
3.Easy
Which is a common effect of long-term corticosteroid treatment?
- AA lower risk of infections
- BLow blood glucose
- CThinning of the bones
- DWeight loss and a slim face
4.Medium
A patient has a nephrostomy tube. Which finding needs urgent action?
- ALight pink urine on the first day after insertion
- BDrainage that stops suddenly with new loin pain
- CSteady urine drainage into the bag
- DA dry, intact dressing at the site
5.Medium
A patient who has had type 1 diabetes for 30 years says they no longer feel the warning signs of a hypo. What is this called?
- AThe dawn phenomenon
- BInsulin resistance
- CHypoglycaemia unawareness
- DDiabetic ketoacidosis
6.Medium
A patient with Addison's disease takes fludrocortisone as well as hydrocortisone. Why?
- ATo replace the missing adrenaline
- BTo lower the blood pressure
- CTo treat a low thyroid hormone level
- DTo replace the missing aldosterone
7.Hard
Near the end of a haemodialysis session, a patient has painful leg cramps and a falling blood pressure. What is the most likely cause?
- ANot enough fluid is being removed
- BAn allergic reaction to the needles
- CThe dialysate is too cold
- DFluid is being removed too quickly
8.Hard
Why might a frail 88-year-old with type 2 diabetes have a less strict HbA1c target?
- ABecause older people cannot use any glucose medicines
- BTo reduce the risk of hypos, falls and confusion
- CBecause diabetes cannot damage older people
- DTo save money on blood tests and drugs
Answer key
- 1. C · Dribbling from a bladder that does not empty properly
- 2. C · Abnormal kidney function or structure for over 3 months
- 3. C · Thinning of the bones
- 4. B · Drainage that stops suddenly with new loin pain
- 5. C · Hypoglycaemia unawareness
- 6. D · To replace the missing aldosterone
- 7. D · Fluid is being removed too quickly
- 8. B · To reduce the risk of hypos, falls and confusion
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