Med-surg: neuro, endocrine & renal worksheet with answers

What is the main cause of type 1 diabetes?

1. AInsulin resistance caused mainly by excess body weight
2. BEating too much sugar and sweet food during childhood
3. CAutoimmune destruction of the insulin-making beta cells
4. DA lack of glucagon from the pancreas

What is the purpose of a steroid emergency card or medical alert ID?

1. ATo let the patient buy steroids without a prescription
2. BTo warn staff that extra steroid is needed in illness or injury
3. CTo show that the patient is allergic to all types of steroid medicine
4. DTo record the patient's blood glucose results

What is the most common cause of a high sodium in a frail older adult?

1. ADrinking too much water
2. BTaking too much insulin
3. CNot drinking enough water
4. DEating too much fruit

A patient on long-term phenytoin should be taught about which side effect?

1. AGradual, permanent hearing loss
2. BWeight loss and intolerance of heat
3. CGum overgrowth, so good oral hygiene matters
4. DHair loss on the scalp in nearly every patient

A patient with type 1 diabetes plans a long cycle ride. Which advice is most appropriate?

1. ATake an extra dose of rapid-acting insulin before setting off
2. BAvoid checking glucose until the ride is over
3. CCheck glucose before and after, and carry fast-acting carbohydrate
4. DSkip breakfast so the exercise burns body fat

An 82-year-old taking apixaban fell three weeks ago. Since then their family has noticed increasing confusion and headaches. Which condition is most likely?

1. AChronic subdural haematoma
2. BNormal ageing with mild memory loss
3. CAcute extradural haematoma
4. DSubarachnoid haemorrhage from an aneurysm

A patient with a cervical spinal cord injury is helped to sit up for the first time. They become dizzy and pale, and the BP falls from 110/70 to 78/46 mmHg. What should the nurse do?

1. AStand the patient up to improve the blood flow to the legs
2. BGive a large meal and a strong coffee to raise the blood pressure
3. CLower the patient back towards lying, then raise them gradually later
4. DContinue sitting them upright, because it will pass in an hour

A nurse teaches a carer to give buccal midazolam for prolonged seizures. Which statement shows a need for further teaching?

1. A"I will call an ambulance if the care plan tells me to."
2. B"I will put something between his teeth so he does not bite his tongue."
3. C"I will write down the time the seizure started and the time I gave the dose."
4. D"I will give it into the space between his gum and cheek."