Med-surg: neuro, endocrine & renal worksheet with answers

Which finding is typical of diabetes insipidus?

1. ALarge volumes of dilute urine and great thirst
2. BFluid retention with a low serum sodium
3. CHigh blood glucose with large amounts of glucose in the urine
4. DSmall volumes of very concentrated urine

What is urge incontinence?

1. ALeaking only when laughing, coughing or lifting heavy objects
2. BA sudden, strong need to pass urine, followed by leaking
3. CLeaking because the toilet is too far away
4. DDribbling because the bladder never empties

Which statement about adult polycystic kidney disease is correct?

1. AIt is caused by drinking too little water
2. BIt is caused by repeated urinary infections
3. CIt only ever affects one of the two kidneys
4. DIt is inherited, and cysts slowly enlarge both kidneys

A patient with atrial fibrillation has had an ischaemic stroke. Which long-term medicine type most reduces the risk of another stroke?

1. AA beta-agonist inhaler
2. BA proton pump inhibitor
3. CA loop diuretic
4. DAn oral anticoagulant

A patient has hypertension that is hard to control and a persistently low potassium, without taking diuretics. Which condition should be considered?

1. ACranial diabetes insipidus
2. BPrimary adrenal insufficiency (Addison's)
3. CPrimary hypothyroidism
4. DPrimary hyperaldosteronism (Conn's)

During continuous bladder irrigation, 3200 mL drains out in a shift. 2500 mL of irrigation fluid was put in. What is the true urine output?

1. A700 mL
2. B3200 mL
3. C5700 mL
4. D2500 mL

An older patient with type 2 diabetes has glucose 48 mmol/L, osmolality 365 mOsm/kg, no significant ketones and confusion. What is the first priority?

1. ACareful IV fluids with close checks of osmolality, sodium and glucose
2. BStrict fluid restriction to avoid cerebral oedema
3. COral glucose to prevent hypoglycaemia during treatment
4. DA large IV insulin bolus to bring glucose to normal within an hour

Six hours after a catheter is removed, a patient has not passed urine and feels uncomfortable. What should the nurse do?

1. ATell the patient to drink two litres of water quickly
2. BPut the catheter back without assessing
3. CDo a bladder scan to check for retention
4. DWait until the next morning before checking