Med-surg: neuro, endocrine & renal worksheet with answers

Which statement about metformin is correct?

1. AUsed on its own, it rarely causes hypoglycaemia
2. BIt is given by injection into the abdomen once a week
3. CIt is the usual first treatment for type 1 diabetes in adults
4. DIt works by making the pancreas release a lot more insulin

Which head injury is classically linked to a lucid interval after a blow to the side of the head?

1. AExtradural haematoma
2. BDiffuse axonal injury
3. CChronic subdural haematoma
4. DConcussion

Why does a patient with a kidney transplant need lifelong medicines?

1. ATo help the new kidney make more urine each day
2. BTo keep the blood pressure low enough
3. CTo prevent kidney stones in the new kidney
4. DTo stop the immune system rejecting the new kidney

In the first trimester of pregnancy, why is propylthiouracil often preferred to carbimazole for hyperthyroidism?

1. APropylthiouracil works faster than any other drug
2. BPropylthiouracil has no side effects at all
3. CCarbimazole has a higher risk of birth defects early on
4. DCarbimazole cannot cross into the mother's blood

A patient taking warfarin is diagnosed with an intracerebral haemorrhage. What is the priority treatment?

1. AStarting aspirin to prevent further clots
2. BIV thrombolysis within 4.5 hours
3. CDoubling the warfarin dose to stabilise the INR
4. DUrgent reversal of the anticoagulant effect

An 80-year-old with angina is diagnosed with hypothyroidism. How is levothyroxine usually started?

1. AAt a full dose from the first day
2. BAt a low dose, increased slowly
3. COnly after the angina has been cured
4. DAs a single large weekly injection

A patient on long-term high-dose prednisolone is three days after bowel surgery. They report only mild abdominal pain, but the heart rate has risen to 115/min and the temperature is 37.4 °C. Why should the nurse be especially concerned?

1. ASteroids can mask fever, pain and peritonism, hiding complications
2. BThe mild pain shows that the bowel is healing as expected
3. CSteroids cause tachycardia in all patients, so no action is needed
4. DSteroids protect against infection, so sepsis is very unlikely

A patient who had pituitary surgery has fatigue and feels cold. TSH is low, and free T4 is low. What is the most likely cause?

1. ASecondary hypothyroidism
2. BOver-replacement with levothyroxine
3. CPrimary hypothyroidism from thyroid failure
4. DHyperthyroidism from Graves' disease