1.Easy
Which type of microorganism causes athlete's foot?
- ABacterium
- BVirus
- CFungus
- DProtozoan
2.Easy
Lyme disease is transmitted to humans by:
- ACoughing and sneezing
- BTick bites
- CMosquito bites
- DContaminated water
3.Easy
Vaccines protect against disease mainly by:
- AProviding ready-made antibodies that remain in the blood for life
- BBlocking all viruses from entering cells
- CKilling bacteria directly in the blood
- DStimulating the immune system to form memory cells
4.Medium
Which statement is one of Koch's postulates?
- AThe organism must cause the same disease when introduced into a healthy susceptible host
- BThe organism must be visible with the naked eye
- CThe disease must respond to antibiotics
- DThe organism must be found in healthy people as well
5.Medium
What does PCR do in a diagnostic laboratory?
- AIt grows bacteria faster on agar plates
- BIt stains bacteria so they can be seen
- CIt makes many copies of a specific DNA sequence so it can be detected
- DIt measures the level of specific antibodies in a patient's serum sample
6.Medium
Cholera causes profuse "rice-water" diarrhoea. What is the most important treatment?
- AAntiviral drugs
- BAntifungal drugs
- CReplacing fluid and salts by oral or intravenous rehydration
- DStopping all oral fluid intake so that the bowel can rest and recover
7.Hard
Which hepatitis viruses are mainly spread through contaminated food and water?
- AHepatitis A and E
- BHepatitis B and D
- CHepatitis B and C
- DHepatitis C and E
8.Hard
A healthcare worker's blood test is positive for anti-HBs (hepatitis B surface antibody) and negative for HBsAg and anti-HBc. What does this most likely mean?
- AImmunity from hepatitis B vaccination
- BPast natural infection that has cleared
- CChronic hepatitis B infection
- DCurrent acute hepatitis B infection
Answer key
- 1. C · Fungus
- 2. B · Tick bites
- 3. D · Stimulating the immune system to form memory cells
- 4. A · The organism must cause the same disease when introduced into a healthy susceptible host
- 5. C · It makes many copies of a specific DNA sequence so it can be detected
- 6. C · Replacing fluid and salts by oral or intravenous rehydration
- 7. A · Hepatitis A and E
- 8. A · Immunity from hepatitis B vaccination
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