1.Easy
What is a yeast?
- AA single-celled fungus
- BA multicellular parasite
- CA type of spiral bacterium
- DA small virus
2.Easy
What is sterilisation?
- AKilling or removing all microorganisms including spores
- BKilling only bacteria but not viruses
- CReducing the number of microorganisms to a level safe for patients
- DCleaning visible dirt from surfaces
3.Easy
Which of these is usually the smallest?
- AA virus
- BA yeast cell
- CA bacterium
- DA red blood cell
4.Medium
Why does high vaccination coverage also protect babies too young to be vaccinated?
- AVaccinated people pass antibodies to everyone they meet
- BFewer people can pass on the infection, so it spreads less
- CVaccines kill the pathogen in the environment
- DBabies are naturally immune to all vaccine-preventable diseases
5.Medium
Pneumocystis jirovecii pneumonia in a person with advanced HIV is an example of:
- AA zoonotic infection
- BA vector-borne infection
- CA food-borne infection
- DAn opportunistic infection
6.Medium
In the chain of infection, what is the "reservoir"?
- AThe person who is most at risk of infection
- BThe place where the pathogen normally lives and multiplies
- CThe way the pathogen enters a new host
- DThe route by which the pathogen leaves the infected host's body
7.Hard
How do high-risk HPV types contribute to cervical cancer?
- AThe virus produces an endotoxin that damages DNA
- BThe virus destroys CD4 T cells in the cervix
- CViral E6 and E7 proteins inactivate the tumour suppressors p53 and Rb
- DThe virus kills cells so quickly that they are replaced by cancer cells
8.Hard
A teenager has fever, neck stiffness and a non-blanching purple rash. CSF shows Gram-negative diplococci. Which organism is most likely?
- AListeria monocytogenes
- BStreptococcus pneumoniae
- CNeisseria meningitidis
- DEscherichia coli
Answer key
- 1. A · A single-celled fungus
- 2. A · Killing or removing all microorganisms including spores
- 3. A · A virus
- 4. B · Fewer people can pass on the infection, so it spreads less
- 5. D · An opportunistic infection
- 6. B · The place where the pathogen normally lives and multiplies
- 7. C · Viral E6 and E7 proteins inactivate the tumour suppressors p53 and Rb
- 8. C · Neisseria meningitidis
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