Microbiology worksheet with answers

What does "endemic" mean in epidemiology?

1. AFound only in animals
2. BOccurring as a sudden outbreak well above the expected level in an area
3. CSpreading quickly across the whole world
4. DConstantly present in a population or region at a usual level

How do bacteria usually reproduce?

1. ABudding from a spore
2. BMeiosis
3. CBinary fission
4. DMitosis with a nuclear membrane

Which is part of the body's first line of defence against infection?

1. AIntact skin
2. BMemory B cells
3. CCytotoxic T cells
4. DAntibodies

Which type of immunity is given by breast milk antibodies?

1. ANatural passive immunity
2. BArtificial active immunity
3. CNatural active immunity
4. DArtificial passive immunity

Which white blood cells are the main phagocytes in an acute bacterial infection and the main component of pus?

1. AEosinophils
2. BB lymphocytes
3. CNeutrophils
4. DBasophils

What is the main difference between innate and adaptive immunity?

1. AAdaptive immunity acts within minutes of infection
2. BInnate immunity develops only after vaccination
3. CInnate immunity uses antibodies and forms memory; adaptive immunity does not
4. DAdaptive immunity is specific and forms memory; innate immunity does not

Primary syphilis typically presents with:

1. AA painful cluster of small blisters on the genitals or the mouth
2. BA widespread rash on the palms and soles
3. CDamage to the heart and brain
4. DA painless ulcer (chancre) at the site of infection

How do retroviruses such as HIV copy their genome into the host DNA?

1. AHost DNA polymerase copies the RNA without help
2. BThe viral RNA is translated into DNA by ribosomes
3. CThe viral DNA is copied directly by host RNA polymerase
4. DReverse transcriptase makes DNA from viral RNA, and integrase inserts it