Nursing fundamentals worksheet with answers

What is a healthcare-associated infection?

1. AAn infection that is passed on only through food
2. BAn infection that the patient already had or was incubating when admitted to hospital
3. CAn infection that only affects healthcare workers
4. DAn infection that develops as a result of care and was not present on admission

What does "PRN" mean on a prescription?

1. ABefore meals
2. BEvery morning
3. CImmediately
4. DAs needed

An ileostomy is formed from which part of the bowel?

1. AThe sigmoid colon, part of the large intestine
2. BThe rectum, at the end of the bowel
3. CThe stomach, at the top of the gut
4. DThe ileum, part of the small intestine

A patient refuses their regular evening tablets. What should the nurse do first?

1. AThrow the tablets away without telling anyone
2. BHide the tablets in their food
3. CExplore the reason for refusing
4. DInsist until the patient takes them

Why is hand hygiene still needed after removing gloves?

1. AHand hygiene is only needed if the gloves were sterile
2. BGlove powder causes skin allergies and must always be washed off the hands
3. CIt is not needed, as the gloves protected the hands
4. DGloves can have tiny holes and hands can be contaminated during removal

A conscious patient with diabetes has low blood glucose and can swallow safely. What is the first step?

1. AGive a fast-acting carbohydrate by mouth and recheck the glucose
2. BGive the next dose of insulin
3. CGive nothing until the doctor arrives
4. DGive a large meal straight away and recheck the glucose the next morning

Why is heat usually avoided on a fresh soft-tissue injury during the first day?

1. AIt narrows blood vessels and reduces blood flow to the injury
2. BIt widens blood vessels and can increase swelling and bleeding
3. CIt numbs the area so the patient cannot feel pain
4. DIt makes the muscles weaker for several weeks

A patient with delirium tries to leave the ward at night, saying they are going home, and would be at serious risk outside. What is correct (England and Wales)?

1. ALock them in a side room until the morning for their own safety
2. BGive a sedative without asking anyone
3. CLet them leave, as all adults are free to go wherever they like
4. DAssess capacity and, if it is lacking, act in their best interests