Nursing fundamentals worksheet with answers

What is the normal range for serum sodium in adults?

1. A3.5–5.0 mmol/L
2. B135–145 mmol/L
3. C95–105 mmol/L
4. D2.2–2.6 mmol/L

In UK healthcare, what does the duty of candour require?

1. AKeeping all mistakes private within the nursing team to avoid upsetting patients
2. BReporting errors only when the patient makes a complaint
3. COnly telling patients about errors if they ask directly
4. DBeing open and honest with patients when something goes wrong in their care

Leaving a dependent adult without food, warmth or basic care is which type of abuse?

1. ASexual abuse
2. BPsychological abuse
3. CFinancial abuse
4. DNeglect

A patient refuses their regular evening tablets. What should the nurse do first?

1. AExplore the reason for refusing
2. BThrow the tablets away without telling anyone
3. CInsist until the patient takes them
4. DHide the tablets in their food

A conscious patient with diabetes has low blood glucose and can swallow safely. What is the first step?

1. AGive nothing until the doctor arrives
2. BGive the next dose of insulin
3. CGive a fast-acting carbohydrate by mouth and recheck the glucose
4. DGive a large meal straight away and recheck the glucose the next morning

A large pressure ulcer is left open and fills in with new tissue from its base. This is called healing by:

1. ADelayed intention
2. BPrimary intention
3. CTertiary intention
4. DSecondary intention

A patient with severe anaemia has an SpO₂ of 98%. Why can this reading be misleading?

1. AAnaemia damages the light sensor of the oximeter
2. BThe red cells present are saturated, but the blood carries little oxygen
3. CPatients with anaemia always have a low true saturation
4. DAnaemia makes the oximeter read about 10% higher than the true saturation

An elderly patient on intravenous fluids becomes breathless, with crackles in the lungs and swollen ankles. What is the most likely problem?

1. AHypoglycaemia
2. BFluid overload
3. CNormal response to IV fluids
4. DDehydration