Nursing fundamentals worksheet with answers

What is the single most important measure to prevent healthcare-associated infections?

1. AGiving antibiotics to all patients
2. BKeeping every patient in a single room
3. CWearing a face mask all the time
4. DHand hygiene

What is atelectasis?

1. ANarrowing of the airways caused by asthma or an allergy
2. BCollapse of part of the lung so the air sacs do not fill
3. CInfection and inflammation of the pleura around the lung
4. DA blood clot blocking an artery in the lung

Which behaviour may show that a patient is in pain but cannot say so?

1. AGrimacing and guarding a part of the body
2. BReading a newspaper calmly
3. CSleeping quietly and breathing slowly
4. DEating a full meal and chatting

When should discharge planning begin?

1. AOnly after the doctor agrees to discharge
2. BAfter the patient has gone home
3. COn the morning of discharge
4. DOn admission, or as early as possible

How should the heels of a bedbound patient at high risk be protected?

1. AWrap them tightly in bandages
2. BRest them on a rolled towel placed directly under each heel
3. CLift them off the mattress with a pillow under the calves
4. DRub them with cream several times a day

While being helped to eat, a patient with dysphagia coughs and their voice sounds wet and gurgly. What should the nurse do?

1. AFeed more quickly so the meal is finished before they tire
2. BGive a drink of water to wash the food down
3. CLie the patient flat to rest
4. DStop feeding and report for a swallowing assessment

A patient with COPD and a target saturation of 88–92% is on oxygen. Their SpO₂ is now 97%. What should the nurse do?

1. ALeave it, because a higher saturation is always better for a patient with COPD
2. BIncrease the oxygen to keep the level high
3. CReduce the oxygen to bring the saturation back into the target range
4. DRemove all oxygen and stop monitoring

A patient has had a stroke. Why must swallowing be screened before giving food, drink or oral medicine?

1. APatients after a stroke are always kept nil by mouth for at least a week
2. BDysphagia is common after stroke and can cause aspiration pneumonia
3. COral medicines are never used after a stroke
4. DSwallowing checks are only needed if the patient asks