Pediatric nursing worksheet with answers

What causes respiratory distress syndrome in preterm babies?

1. AA lack of surfactant in the immature lungs
2. BInhaling meconium-stained fluid during birth
3. CAn allergy to the oxygen used in the incubator
4. DA viral infection caught from the mother

The nurse strokes the sole of a 6-month-old's foot and the toes fan out with the big toe extending. What does this mean?

1. AIt shows the baby is in pain
2. BIt is a sign of spinal cord compression
3. CIt is a normal finding at this age
4. DIt shows brain damage and needs a scan

Which finding inside the mouth is typical of early measles?

1. AA bright red "strawberry" tongue with large papillae
2. BA thick white coating on the tongue and cheeks that can be wiped off
3. CPainful blisters on the tongue, gums and palate
4. DKoplik spots: small white spots on the inside of the cheeks

A child receiving chemotherapy has painful mouth ulcers (mucositis). Which mouth care is best?

1. ASpicy and acidic foods to stimulate saliva flow
2. BA hard toothbrush and lemon–glycerine swabs to clean the ulcers
3. CA soft toothbrush or sponge, bland rinses and soft, cool foods
4. DMouthwash containing alcohol several times a day

Which instruction about preparing powdered infant formula is correct?

1. AAdd extra water in hot weather so the baby gets more fluid
2. BAdd an extra scoop of powder to each bottle to help a small baby gain weight faster
3. CFollow the stated water-to-powder ratio exactly and do not warm bottles in a microwave
4. DWarm bottles in the microwave, as long as they are shaken first

A 20-month-old drinks about 1.5 litres of cow's milk a day and eats little solid food. He is pale and tired. What is the most likely problem?

1. AVitamin B12 deficiency
2. BLactose intolerance
3. CIron-deficiency anaemia
4. DSickle cell disease

A 4-year-old has had pallor, tiredness, bruising, bone pain and fevers for 3 weeks. What is the most important next step?

1. AA course of antibiotics for a viral infection
2. BAn urgent full blood count to look for leukaemia
3. CIron supplements for 3 months, then review
4. DReassurance that these are growing pains that will pass with time

A toddler with sickle cell disease suddenly becomes pale and lethargic, with a fast heart rate and an enlarging left upper abdomen. What should the nurse suspect?

1. AConstipation causing abdominal swelling and discomfort
2. BSplenic sequestration crisis, an emergency
3. CA pain crisis in the abdominal muscles
4. DA simple viral infection with mild anaemia