1.Easy
What is a "broad-spectrum" antibiotic?
- AOne that is taken for a long time at low dose to prevent any infection
- BOne that also treats viral and fungal infections
- COne that acts against many Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria
- DOne that is given only intravenously in hospital
2.Easy
Why are corticosteroids such as betamethasone given to a woman at risk of preterm birth?
- ATo stop contractions completely
- BTo prevent infection in the mother
- CTo lower the mother's blood glucose
- DTo speed up fetal lung maturity
3.Easy
Giving a patient immunoglobulin after exposure to an infection provides which type of immunity?
- AInnate immunity
- BActive immunity
- CPassive immunity
- DHerd immunity
4.Medium
How is adenosine given for supraventricular tachycardia?
- AAs an intramuscular injection into the outer thigh muscle
- BAs a slow infusion over one hour
- CAs a rapid IV push followed by a fast saline flush
- DAs a tablet under the tongue
5.Medium
How long does it take, approximately, for a drug given at regular intervals to reach a steady state?
- A1 half-life
- B4 to 5 half-lives
- C10 half-lives
- DIt depends only on the dose size
6.Medium
A patient receiving chemotherapy has a very low neutrophil count and is going home. Which teaching is most important?
- AReport a temperature of 38 °C (100.4 °F) or higher straight away
- BTake paracetamol regularly so that fevers do not show
- CExercise in crowded gyms to build strength
- DEat plenty of raw shellfish to boost protein
7.Hard
A patient with severe liver cirrhosis takes oral propranolol, a drug with a high first-pass metabolism. What effect is expected?
- ALess drug is absorbed from the gut, so a higher dose is needed
- BThe drug is excreted faster by the kidney, so it works for a shorter time
- CThe first-pass effect increases, so the drug becomes inactive
- DMore drug reaches the circulation, so a lower dose may be needed
8.Hard
Which statement about raloxifene for postmenopausal osteoporosis is correct?
- AIt has no effect on the risk of blood clots
- BIt is a bisphosphonate taken weekly with water
- CIt acts like oestrogen on bone but blocks oestrogen in the breast, and raises clot risk
- DIt acts like oestrogen in all tissues, including the breast, and relieves hot flushes
Answer key
- 1. C · One that acts against many Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria
- 2. D · To speed up fetal lung maturity
- 3. C · Passive immunity
- 4. C · As a rapid IV push followed by a fast saline flush
- 5. B · 4 to 5 half-lives
- 6. A · Report a temperature of 38 °C (100.4 °F) or higher straight away
- 7. D · More drug reaches the circulation, so a lower dose may be needed
- 8. C · It acts like oestrogen on bone but blocks oestrogen in the breast, and raises clot risk
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