Research methods in psychology worksheet with answers

Data that are categories with no order, such as eye colour, are at which level of measurement?

1. AOrdinal
2. BRatio
3. CNominal
4. DInterval

A researcher places an advert asking for people to take part in a study. Which sampling method is this?

1. AOpportunity sampling
2. BStratified sampling
3. CSystematic sampling
4. DVolunteer (self-selected) sampling

Informed consent in research means participants:

1. AMust complete the study once they start, as agreed in the signed form
2. BAre paid for their time
3. CNever learn the aims of the study
4. DAgree to take part after being told what the study involves

A study is preregistered. This means that:

1. AThe hypotheses, methods and analysis plan are recorded publicly before data collection
2. BParticipants register their consent online
3. CThe study has already been published
4. DThe results were checked and approved by a second, independent statistician before publication

Why are behaviour categories in an observation operationalised before data collection?

1. ASo participants know exactly what is being recorded
2. BSo observers record the same behaviours consistently, improving reliability
3. CSo the hypothesis can be changed after the data are seen
4. DSo the observation becomes an experiment

A cross-sectional study compares 20-, 40- and 60-year-olds on technology use at the same time. Which problem may confound the age comparison?

1. AOrder effects
2. BPractice effects
3. CCohort effects
4. DFloor effects

A study shows that a questionnaire correlates strongly with an established test of the same construct. This supports:

1. ATest–retest reliability
2. BEcological validity
3. CFace validity
4. DConcurrent validity

Which non-parametric test compares two related samples, such as before-and-after scores on an ordinal scale?

1. AChi-square test of independence
2. BMann–Whitney U test
3. CIndependent t-test
4. DWilcoxon signed-rank test